Husserl's theory of Phenomenology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Husserls theory of Phenomenology - Essay ExamplePhilosopher Edmund Husserl proposed a vision of phenomenology that would increasingly allow philosophers and psychologists a means of investigating the vagaries of human conscious experience. While Husserl was the starting line philosopher to heighten phenomenology to an entire philosophical school of thought, subsequent thinkers would expand and change Husserls concepts. Throughout the twentieth century two major forms of phenomenology emerged Husserls theory of phenomenology and the existential theory of phenomenology. This essay compares and contrasts these divergent perspectives. there are a variety of differing features of Husserls theory of phenomenology and the existential version. In both instances, however, there is the quasi(prenominal) recognition that phenomenological investigation considers internal aspects of human cognizance (Sokolowski, p. 159). both(prenominal) perspectives on phenomenology worked to check up on a spects of human consciousness through bracketing techniques (Sokolowski, p. 159). In this way, the human senses perceived the external world was a major investigative trope. Both schools of thought recognized that the human senses only constituted a partial reflection of actual reality. Subsequently, phenomenology employ the epoche method of investigation where a particular aspect of sensory experience was bracketed and investigated.While the overarching mode of compendium is similar among both Husserls perspective the existential perspective on phenomenology, differences emerge in ground of the specifics. One of the primary differences between these perspectives is the objects they believe can be the object of phenomenological analysis. Existential phenomenology believed that phenomenology could only investigate actual objects from the external world. This perspective is contrasted with Husserls phenomenology that argues analysis also involved concepts such as freedom or justic e. Ziemba indicates, Husserl

Assignment based on a book Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

appellative based on a book - Essay ExampleIn the pursuit of a multicultural and tolerant Canada, it is really primal. There be now increased numbers of attempts to study on and engross with primeval peoples both lovingly and culturally. Consequently, we must understand that why the Aboriginal populations in the country declined and are still declining. Investigations are going on to understand this. In the present paper, we will enumerate few most important pointors that are responsible of the decline in the population of aboriginal peoples in Canada with surplus focus on British Columbia. Discussion The first and most important factor of that contributed to the decline of the aboriginal populations in Canada is European colonization. British Columbia was no exception to this. Europeans not only extended their socio-cultural settle in this region located in western Canada but also they brought their regional rivalries with them. The most adult example of violence and imp erialism can be noted as the Nookta Crisis. Nookta Crisis started in the 1790s when British and Spanish imperialists confronted separately other in the region. Both the parties sought to capture the fur trade of the region. The western coasts of Canada constituted an important trading corridor (Crump 2010). Regardless of local culture and aboriginal people, the imperialist and colonist forces started a sequence of conflicts and battles. aft(prenominal) driving out the Spanish from this area, the British colonists now focused their attention on the aboriginal peoples in the region. Now in order to clear hunting grounds and establishing trade centers for fur trade, colonists started to take external land and property of the aboriginal peoples either with treaties or by wars. Evidently due to these wars, some(prenominal) local aboriginal chiefs were disgraced and many of aboriginal fighting men were killed. Consequently, like rest of Canada, aboriginal populations of British Colum bia too had to face systematic cultural oppression and social marginalization through the actions of European colonizers and their institutions (Healing Traditions The psychical Health of Aboriginal Peoples in Canada 2009, p. 7). The second most important factor was the ordinance of the Indian good turn (1876). This Act is in force even today (of course with minor amendments). The Act systematically restricted free movement of the aboriginal peoples. Participation in cultural festivals like insolate Dance was prohibited. Numerous techniques were implemented to Europeanize the natives. For example, until quite recently, the patrilineal descent recognized by the Indian Act resulted in the removal of Indian status from many First Nations women (and their children) who married non-First Nations men (Healing Traditions The Mental Health of Aboriginal Peoples in Canada 2009, p. 11). In the above quotation, the term First Nations denotes aboriginal peoples. Furthermore, different socia l strata were created to provide different facilities to the different groups of Native Indians in the country. Although the Indian Act (1876) puts emphasis on the fact that the wellbeing of aboriginal people rests with the government of the country, the Act has been often utilized to disunite and

Leonhard Euler Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leonhard Euler - set about ExampleNevertheless, aided by his phenomenal memory he continued to publish his results by dictating them (Weisstein) .This idea briefly explains the life and contributions of Leonhard EulerEuler was born on 15 April 1707 in Basel, Switzerland and died on 18 September 1783 at St. Pietersburg in Russia. During his life span he has rewritten or modified some of the established principles in mathematics and Physics. Euler started his formal education in Basel, and at the age of thirteen he enrolled at the University of Basel. He got his repress degree in Philosophy in 1723 for his comparative study of the philosophies of Descartes and Newton. Even at the time of attend his Master degree classes, he got part time lessons from famous Physicist of that time Johann Bernoulli. In fact Bernoulli was subservient in shaping the prowess of Euler. Even though, Euler was interested in studying theology at this turn on of time, Bernoulli convinced his father and prep ared the way for converting Euler as a great scientist as we know (OConnor and Robertson).Eulers health problems began in 1735 when he had a severe fever and almost lost his life. However, he kept this countersign from his parents and members of the Bernoulli family back in Basel until he had recovered (OConnor and Robertson). Euler left Basel and arrived in St Petersburg on 17 May 1727. He joined the St Petersburg academy of science which helped him immensely in polishing his ideas in Physics and Mathematics. On 7 January 1734, Euler married Katharina Gsell. He had 13 children even though only five of them survived the childhood.Euler spent most of his magnanimous life in Russia and Germany. He arrived in Berlin in 1741. He spent around 25 historic period in Berlin and wrote around 380 scientific articles during his stay at Berlin. Many books written on calculus, planetary orbits, motility of moon, etc during this period. Even though, Euler has contributed immensely to the dev elopment of the Berlin academy, he forced to

Rhetoric of abraham lincoln Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rhetoric of abraham lincoln - Essay ensampleSlavery and succession were threatening human freedom as well as American union. Therefore, without the ferment that existed at the time, there would not have been exigency for such hot air and action. The following essay is a research paper that builds its argument through comparative analysis of various sources of information on the empty words of Abraham Lincoln. Analysis of Lincolns rhetoric has led to varied opinions among scholars concerning his lit periodry skills as well as his leadership qualities. Such scholars include Mark Neely, Jr., who is a Lincoln scholar and a Pulitzer Prize winsome historian. The other is David Herbert Donald, who is a leading American historian ofAbraham Lincolnand the Civil War. Neely views Lincoln as responsive and subject to changing events, while Donald sees Lincoln as purposeful and strategic. (1) (2) Donald asserted that Lincolns nonstarter to respond and instead choosing to apply passivity was a political strategy. Donald Elaborated, Repeatedly throughout the war, Lincolns passive policy worked politically. Because any action would offend somebody, he took as few actions as feasible3 According to Neely, the language that Lincoln uses in addressing Americans has attracted admiration, imitation wonder globally. His shaped his words in public letters, papers, and proclamations. This was meant to explain the purpose of the war and inspire commitment. His stylist success should not blind us to the rather limited nature of these communications. There was little awareness of propaganda in Lincoln or his era and only a rather limited one of shaping public opinion. The stylistic success of the rhetoric is limited to the past nature of such communications. There were no counteractive propaganda tendencies among the Americans that could distort or via media his rhetoric. Propaganda and criticism spread in the twentieth century with the enhancement of the advertisement sector. His rhetoric prowess is seeming(a) in his first inaugural speech. During his first inaugural speech he introduced the theme through attempting to allay fears of the southern states. His words show that he had dreaded for this moment. According to Salem (2008), he went straight into insure people that their property would not be snatched as earlier anticipated.4 The speech also indicated that he had no intention of abolishing the slave trade. This declaration portrays him as a leader touch on on the impact of meter reading of the law among the public over addressing the slaves peril. The first inaugural speech portrays him as a person concerned about changing the public opinion through making promises that would win their support. He had promised the states that they would be assumption the freedom to run their internal affairs which did not happen. A closer analysis of the speech confirms that he supported a unified nation and not a governing body made of independent states. The speech clearly brings out his secession fear and preservation of the unity government. However, he intended to uphold the government union without violence. His rhetoric goal was not only to express himself through the use of complicated grammar, scarce also capture the attention of the audience. Paying attention helps the audience to get an insight of the message existence delivered. Lincoln denied of the existence of any differences between the Southerners and Northerners. 5This was meant to encourage people live in unity as equal residents of one nation. Some parts of the speech were

Should firms price discriminate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Should firms price discriminate - Essay ExampleTherefore, PD can be defined as the situation in which price charged to a customer can be based parti ally on the value of the good to the customer, rather than just on the cost of producing the good itself (Paul, 1987). As a result, allowing a firm to capture all or most of the consumer surplus, increasing overall profit of the firm. Although this rendering is different, it highlights an importance of utility and consumer surplus theorems allowing us to analyze how firms might use their monopoly power. In former(a) words, how PD could be applied, so maximum profit can be gained in different monopoly markets.First of all in order to discuss the usefulness of PD as a profit maximizing tool, we should constitute the conditions that firm must meet in order to price discriminate. According to Fritz Machlup, (Fritz, 1955)there are three principal(prenominal) prerequisites, firstly, a firm has to have the monopoly power in order to set the price. For example, if a firm is a price taker and its operates in perfectly competitive market it cannot price discriminate as demand toot is perfectly elastic, therefore there is no consumer surplus to capture, whereas if a firm is a monopoly it has a descending(prenominal) sloping demand curve therefore, there are some consumers who are willing to pay more(prenominal) than the uniform price. Secondly, for different groups of consumers it is necessary to have different price elasticity. For example, assume that all consumer groups have the alike(p) price elasticity then ceteris paribus monopoly firm does not have an incentive to apply PD as the profit will be the same as a firm would have applied whizz price strategy. The third criteria, is that a firm must be able to prevent an arbitrage, in other words preventing resale of its products. For instance, why do apple restricts on the number of IPhones that can be purchased, it is not because Apple products are exclusive, the r eason is to prevent an arbitrage. Some people might buy IPhones in the US and shift them in the

Analyze the data in paragraphs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analyze the data in paragraphs - analyze ExampleWhen asked whether ELI classrooms temperature is usually fitting, 4 out of 30(13%) of the students agreed that the temperature is ok, 22 out of 30(74%) disagreed and thought that the temperature is not suitable and 4 out of 30(13%) were neutral. The fourth question was about whether ELI classrooms are provided with comfortable chairs and tables.9 out of 30(30%) of students interviewed answered in the affirmative, 14 out of 30(47%) of the students did not think that the tables and chairs are comfortable and 7 out of 30(23%) were undecided and hence neutral. The move question was about whether ELI classrooms are tightly fitting to each other and usually taken in analogous building.8 out of 30(27%) replied in the affirmative,16 out of 30(53%) disagreed and 6 out of 30(20%) were neutral.The survey clearly indicates that ELI classrooms temperature is not suitable to well-nigh students and also the classrooms should be provided with com fortable chairs and tables. Majority of the students (53%) also do not think that ELI classrooms are near to each other and usually taken in same building. This should also be evaluated and implemented by concerned party, since it touches on the well being of the students directly, which is very crucial for their learning process. The ELI classrooms are however designed to be comfortable and practical for most students and are well equipped with technical tools which help in learning

CA 4 Medicare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CA 4 Medicare - Essay ExampleThe DRG assigned to the case was 72.Federal Rate for direct tolls = DRG Relative Weight x (Labor Related Large Urban Standardized Amount x San Francisco CBSA Wage Index) + Nonlabor Related National Large Urban Standardized Amount x (1 + IME + DSH). operate Outlier Threshold = Fixed bolshie Threshold x ((Labor related portion x San Francisco CBSA Wage Index) + Nonlabor related portion) x run CCR to heart + Federal defrayal with IME and DSH... Capital Cost Payment = 0.7502 x $420.65 x 1.03 x 1.3185 x (1 + 0.0243 + 0.0631) = $466.02Cost DeterminationBilled Charges $125,000Operating Cost to Charge Ratio 0.45Operating Costs = (Billed Charges x Operating Cost to Charge Ratio) = $125,000 x 0.45 = $56,250Capital Cost to Charge Ratio 0.06Capital Costs = (Billed Charges x Capital Cost to Charge Ratio) = ($125,000 x .06)= $7,500Determination of Outlier ThresholdFixed Loss Threshold $24,485Operating CCR to Total CCR = (Operating CCR) / (Operating CCR + Capital CCR) = (0.45) / (0.45 + 0.06) = 0.8824Operating Outlier Threshold = Fixed Loss Threshold x ((Labor related portion x San Francisco CBSA Wage Index) + Nonlabor related portion) x Operating CCR to Total + Federal Payment with IME and DSH = $24,485 x (0.697 x 1.4974) + 0.303 x 0.8824 + $5,811.22 = $25,554.9987 x 0.8824 + $5,811.22 = $28,360.95 Capital CCR to Total CCR = Capital CCR) / (Operating CCR + Capital CCR) = (.06) / (.45 + .06) = 0.1176Capital Outlier Threshold = (Fixed Loss Threshold x geographic Adj. Factor x Large Urban Add-On x Capital CCR to Total CCR) + Federal Payment with IME and DSH = ($24,485 x

Analyze one song Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analyze one variant - see ExampleThe key is to critically analyze and determine why songs impact us the way they do. To plant this point, this student will analyze the song Always Remember Me by Ry Cuming. The specific aspects that will tight look at involve the songs instrumentation, lyrics, and electronic production. When analyzing any given song, one needs to look at how the instrumentation employed impacts the listeners mood as the medicament fills their ears. No matter how impactful the lyrics of a song business leader be, it is of little use if the musical content does non work. It would be similar to a car having a perfect engine, yet no tires. This particular song has instrumentation that truly reckons to place the listener into the music studio of Ry Cuming. Viorica Barbu-Iurascu reminds us that Music is the metaphysical counterpart to everything physical (170). Perhaps like no other(a) media, music transcends us to another place. We can leave the universe of dis course behind as our consciousness becomes on the whole involved with the music that is playing within us. Naturally, some musical composers accomplish this transformation to the metaphysical world better than other, but this is still the aim of the musician. Music becomes an art that must be studied and examined nearly to truly appreciate its beauty. Always Remember Me is composed of music that represents the lyrics world sung. The musical arrangement of this song begins with a softly playing guitar. This immediately sets the tone for what is to come by providing the listener with a assuasive introduction into the lyrics to come. In essence, this opening prepares all who listen to relax, settle down, and be choked by arrangement. Without this fiber of opening, the song would not be nearly as effective in transforming people to that metaphysical realm that Iurascu talks about. As the lyrics begin to be sung, something interesting happens. The guitar playing moves softly to the back endground. When lyrics are not being sung, the guitar once again becomes the centerpiece and gradually becomes louder. Reflecting upon this, the author feels that Cuming has done an effective job at victimization the instrumentation to be a focal point of the song. Whereas most songs rely on the lyrics and the rhyming of such(prenominal) words, this particular artist seems to be more focused on allowing the guitar to speak to the listener. The softly playing phone line really rocks most who listen into a new arena and a new realm of thinking. It is about as if the old adage forget all of your troubles for the moment rings true with this song. The music has a way of comforting and soothing the soul. The arrangement does not jar the listener awake, rather it allows them to sit back and really be metamorphosed into another place and time. It is common to want to analyze the lyrics in a song. We seem to be obsessed with trying to understand what the artist is trying to say thro ugh his or her music. Analyzing musical lyrics, however, must go deeper than merely just trying to understand what the words mean. As Katrina McFerran writes, Lyrics are not simple statements of information they are creative and multifaceted expressions of experience (38). So, as one seeks to analyze the lyrics of any given song, they must move beyond simply trying to understand what the words mean and move into the realm of experiencing what moved the artist to write the words in the

The challenges of repaying a student loan Essay

The challenges of repaying a schoolchild contributeword - Essay ExampleAs serious as this information may look, these reckon relieve falls short in legion(predicate) ways and may not be a reliable representation of the present problem. Such is the case that Data collected and reported on schoolchild lend repayment cannot paint the right picture of the debts effects on economy (Suze Ormans). For instance, lets consider the data showing how many people atomic number 18 presently struggling with payment of their student loans. Presently such statistic is measured by mere prediction, a factor that openly shows how students struggle with loan repayment.Based on the information gathered till this point, it is obvious that much attention on loan repayment burden is needed. This may be explained basing on the following campaigns. To begin with, more students today are borrowing large sums of money for their collage than before. Close to 2/3 of baccalaureate recipients today calibr ate with loan burden and their burden has greatly risen in the past decade on account of inflation. It is true that borrowing will always increase even with a gradual rise in tuition level.Second, borrowers payment rate is continually rising as sake rates increase. A good example is the federal consolidation loan availed in 2004-05. This loan earned interest at a rate of 3% or even below for rough students, a factor that reprieved many borrowers known to be struggling with paying back. Borrowers today have no such privileges instead, a 6.8% interest rate was introduced on federal student loans. This change meant that the loan repayment would take 10 days and earn 20% more compared to previous years (Dept. of Education, Office of Student Financial Assistance, pg 45). Additionally, this change meant that some students would be left out because of the aggregate loan restrictions in the loan programs offered by federal political relation leaving them with no other option but to borro w the expensive private loans.The third reason closely relates to

Children and the holocaust Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Children and the holocaust - Research Paper ExampleThe urge of the German leader, Adolf Hitler, to control the Semites and to maintained their generation underpins the great commitment of his government to reduce the world of Jewish children. As children were perceived as the propagative generations, they were a priority target at a time when the Germans felt that Jews were traitors and did not be to exist in the country. From this perspective, the Holocaust was a period suffering for Children, which had both immediate effects and negatively charged consequences long after the war.Prior to the Second World War, the German government had sent a itemise of signs that Jews would be the next dupe of terror under the autocratic leadership of Hitler. The Germany government expressed tall level of dissatisfaction with the Jews, who were perceived as traitors during the period of the war. While there was an expectation that the Jews would have fallen victim of Hitler power abuse, it wa s not anticipated that such a negative ordeal would befall children as it dawned as soon as the war began. Statistics indicate that over 1.5 million children were killed during the holocaust, of which 1.2 million were from the Jewish community (Sterling 212). The await comprised of the Gypsy and German children who were perceived to have mental defects. The German government targeted children as one of the ship canal of punishing the Jews. Besides, the government had a motive to shun the popularity of Jews that was growing as a result of their population increase. Since children represented the continuity of the Jewish generation, they were the main target to control population increase and to discontinue the disloyal, as they put it, generation.At the eve of the war, children were separated from their parents forcefully and they no longer had the power to hold on their rights of keeping their children. The government targeted the Jewish settlement areas and killed majority of the population while transporting others to the

Your Change Story Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Your Change Story - Assignment ExampleAs a competitor, IBM marketed its products through the guideword Think. To position themselves above IBM, Steve Jobs created the slogan Think Different and removed the word computer from the society name. His vision in doing this was that it would remove the notion that Apples only specialty was computers, which brought in advanced products in other fields such as iPods, iPhones and iPads. The reason behind the success of such miscellanea was the creation of a new platform for mobile applications through the App store as well as medication through iTunes. In particular, the iPad successfully captured the tablet market. This was a bold move away from traditions, where it would be expected that a company would identify a market section and strive to meet that segments needs. Instead, Apple sought to serve a wide range of consumers in an approach that coffin nail be perceived as something for everyone. They have high-end computers for serious business people, fancy mobile phones for the youth, iPods for portable music for teenagers and iPads for travelling business

John Keat's Poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

John Keats Poetry - render ExampleIt shows that ripeness for Keats is both a varied and an ordered concept.Keats was greatly influenced by Hellenism and English translations of Hellenic literature. The past Greeks called their country Hellas and themselves Hellenes. Keats was a Greek by instinct. His borrow of subjects from Greek mythology for his Endymion and Hyperion is not as significant as his total absorption in the spirit of ancient mythology, which, indeed, is a kind of primitive poetry. The world of Greek paganism lives in his verse with its frank sensuousness and joys of demeanor, with its mysterious oracular messages and eternal questionings of the natural world. With unrivalled contentment he recreates the blind faith and fervor of the ancient pagans and the sensuous character of their rituals in his Ode to Psyche.The faculty of mental imagery which attributes human qualities to the objects of nature is called anthropomorphic. In mythology, Indian or Greek, this fac ulty finds the fullest play. Keats feature this anthropomorphic faculty to a very remarkable degree. He hardly ever remained long in the domain of the abstract, as it is appoint from his Autumn Ode. It is only in the first line that autumn is an inductive reasoning or the Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness. ... Keats possessed this anthropomorphic faculty to a very remarkable degree. He hardly ever remained long in the domain of the abstract, as it is found from his Autumn Ode. It is only in the first line that autumn is an abstraction or the Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness. In the very second line, autumn is found conspiring with the maturing sun as a close bosom-friend. In stanza 2, autumn appears as a harvester, a reaper, a gleaner and a cider maker. These personifications ar so different from the cold and frigid personifications of the eighteenth century poetry. Keats autumn is like Pan of Greek mythology, to which we owe its vegetative plenty, its mellow fruitf ulness, its familiar sights and its characteristic music.The three stanzas in Ode to Autumn show a gradual rise of thought. In the first stanza, autumn is viewed as the season itself, doing the seasons work, bringing all the fruits of the flat coat to maturing in readiness for harvesting. In the second stanza, autumn, personified in a womans shape, is present at the various trading operations of the vintage. In the last stanza, the close of the year is associated with sunset the songs of spring are feeling of the continuous life of nature, which externally renews itself in insect, animal and bird. The close of the ode, though solemn, breathes the spirit of hope.Romanticism has been defined as the rebirth of wonder, i.e. re-awakening of interest in the supernatural. For the romantics, there are more things in heaven and earth than peck dream of. There is a world of unseen behind and above the world of the senses. Keats was also richly indulged in that super sensuous world. It is the magic and mystery, the belief in ghosts and fairies, of the middle ages, that captivated his heart. The

Hand Washing Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

lead Washing - Literature review ExamplePetersburg, Russia. ?METHODS.Prospective surveillance of HH compliance, nosocomial colonization, and antibiotic drug administration was performed from January until June 2000. In February 2000, alcohol? base kick the bucket rub was provided for routine HH use. Eight weeks later, a fictional character overture intervention was implemented, consisting of review of interim data, identification of opinion leaders, posting of colonization incidence rates, and steady feedback. Means of compliance, colonization, and antibiotic use were compared for periods before and after all(prenominal) intervention. ?RESULTS.A total of 1,027 events requiring HH were observed. Compliance was 44.2% before the front intervention, 42.3% between interventions, and 48% after the twinkling intervention. Use of alcohol rose from 15.2% of HH indications to 25.2% between interventions and 41.5% after the second intervention. The incidence of nosocomial colonization (per 1,000 diligent?days) with Klebsiella pneumoniae was initially 21.5, decreased to 4.7, and then was 3.2 in the final period. place of antibiotic and device use also decreased. ?CONCLUSIONS.HH may claim increased slightly, but the largest effect was a switch from soap and water to alcohol, which may have been associated with decreased cross?transmission of Klebsiella, although this may have been confounded by lower device use. Alcohol?based antiseptic may be an improvement over current practices, but further research is required. Girou, E., Loyeau, S., Legrand, P., Opein, F., & Brun-Buisson, C. (2002). Efficacy of handrubbing with alcohol based resolvent versus measure handwashing with antiseptic soap randomised clinical trial. BMJ, mountain 325, p. 362 Objective To compare the efficacy of handrubbing with an alcohol based solution versus conventional handwashing with antiseptic soap in reducing hand contamination during routine patient care. Design Randomised controlled tri al during daily nursing sessions of 2 to 3 hours Setting Three intensive care units in a French university hospital Participants 23 healthcare workers Interventions Handrubbing with alcohol based solution (n=12) or handwashing with antiseptic soap (n=11) when hand hygiene was indicated before and after patient care. Imprints taken of fingertips and laurel of dominant hand before and after hand hygiene procedure. Bacterial counts quantified blindly Main consequence measures Bacterial step-down of hand contamination. Results With handrubbing the median percentage reduction in bacterial contamination was importantly higher than with handwashing (83% v 58%, P=0.012), with a median difference in the percentage reduction of 26% (95% confidence interval 8% to 44%). The medianduration of hand hygiene was 30 seconds in each group. Conclusions During routine patient care handrubbing with an alcohol based solution is significantly more efficient in reducing hand contamination than handwashin g with antiseptic soap. Mody, L., McNeil, S., Sun, R., Bradley, S. & Kauffman, C. (2003). Introduction of a Waterless Alcohol?Based Hand Rub in a Long?TermCare Facility. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, volume 24, number 3, pp. pp. 165-171 ?OBJECTIVE.To examine the impact of introduction of an alcohol?based hand rub on hand hygiene knowledge and compliance and hand colonization of healthcare workers (HCWs) in a long? terminalcare facility (LTCF). ?METHODS.Two floors of an LTCF participated. Ward A used the hand rub as an adjunct to

Issue analysis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Issue analysis paper - Essay ExampleThe act was to be financed within the contiguous ten eld for it to be fully operational to help those who are unable to insure as depicted by the health act. As a result, millions of people go out benefit from employment ground indemnification coverage than in the absence of low-cost veneration ferment (ACA).The Congressional Budget percentage (CBO) estimated the government budget and effects for the ten years. The Affordable kick Act testament be financed hence delivering a devastating analysis of the inefficiencies and problematic social costs of Obamacare. The Affordable Care Act take over faces opposition from Congressional Budget place (CBO) since the key selling point of Affordable Care Act was to cover a significant number of above 30 million Americans who lacked it. As per today, the CBO is out criticizing the Affordable Care Act in America that within a decade, 6 million people will not be given health care insurance from thei r companies or from the employers due to Affordable Care Act (john 45). This makes the Americans to see as if the act was politically passed so as only target a certain(p) group of Americans and segregating those who can be able to acquire the insurance coverage.The estimated expenditure of Affordable Care act will be about $2 trillion within the next 10 years meaning that there would be disruption of the United States medical system since the federal government will not be able to achieve the objectives, of providing coverage to 30 million Americans. The Congressional Budget Office maintains that within the ten years the same number of 30 million Americans will lack insurance as before since the Affordable Care Act will collapse within the next 5 years. Another opposing idea of the ACA is that the poor people will get subsidies and after they achieve certain level of compensation then the subsidy will disappear when one reaches a higher turn out level. Basing their

Cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Cultures - Essay ExampleTherefore, subcultural art is more rigorous to dissent against certain aspects of the society what the subcultural plurality believed to be oppressive and imperious. The most effective but the non-violent forms that the subcultural people use to demonstrate against tyrannical entity in a society ar art and music. Whereas the dominant cultural arts are confined to criticise any ailing social aspects in mild and insinuative metaphorical expressions, subcultural arts and music often are put in to follow a more sarcastic way. The use of art to demonstrate and to dissent against the tyrannical social aspects was the most extensive in the post reciprocal ohm World fight period. Indeed the uprising subcultural demonstration was a response to the drastic socioeconomic and political changes in the countries that were generally supposed to be induced by the drastic transitions in the global power structure and economy due to somewhat epoch-making historical ev ents such as the fall colonial power, the Second Word War, the Cold War and the economic depressions of the 1960s.Rapid urbanizations with the blessings of science and technology, the massive practice of the rationalistic view of human life, the decay of dip and rigorous religiosity, the massive awareness of mans rights and roles in the political power especially in democracy, and the rise of the industrial working class gave birth to innumerous cultural and countercultural movements in the post Second World War period and especially in the 1960s. Whereas the traditional cultural art and literature were found to be preoccupied with the prospects of an elegant life based on the blessings of science and technology, the subcultural art and music primarily focused on the consequential negative impacts of the modernity-induced transformations in the society. Lack of a stable and established

Heroin Crisis Center Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

heroin Crisis Center - Essay ExampleLong Island has recently seen an affix in heroin usance that has ended the lives of some teenagers due to overdose (Cuadra-Fernandez). The options for the addict and the non-addict user count to be limited to either continuing use or making the huge step in entering rehab. This proposal intends to show that an intermediary facility that can help during times of crisis and entrust extend a conduit for the user towards rehabilitation without forcing them into treatment. Through offering services that address the needs of the user in order to keep them alive, it is hoped that eventually they will enter rehabilitation and end their addictive behaviors before it results in death. Heroin is a drug that is extracted from poppies, making it a lucrative crop drug for many nations without otherwise resources. There argon three forms of the drug, one being a white powder, the other being a brown powder, and the last being a black, sticky product that i s referred to as black tar. Heroin is often diluted with substances that look similar to the type of product that is being sold, such(prenominal) as adding powderize milk to white powder to extend its volume. Sometimes, however, a substance that is toxic such as strychnine will be found in the drug, increasing the harmful effects and possibly scating to a to a greater extent assured death through drug overdose (Cuadra-Fernandez). The drug is so powerful that anytime an addict is non on heroin, they are suffering from withdrawal, so any day that is spent without the drug is painful and modest for the user (Rasmussen and Benson 47). According to Moraes, there are two terms that refer to the type of use that a user of heroin will fall into. A chipper is an occasional user who uses the drug recreationally and with an addiction that requires a focused attention to the drug. A junkie is someone who cannot go without the drug and has behaviors that can be described as associated with addiction. Stephens discusses types of heroin users and labels them either addicts or the concerned non-addicts. Concerned non-addicts are in risk of infection of becoming an addict and have a concern towards that regard. Non-concerned non-addicts have no fear that they will suffer addicts. In comparing the types of users, the addict typically is no longer in mainstream life, their lifestyle is more deviant, they are likely to be unemployed, and have a higher rate of other criminal activity to sustentation their habit. The concerned non-addict tend to still be bonded to conventional activities. They were more likely to be high give lessons graduates, avoided engaging in illegal activities, and expressed concern about the consequences of heroin use on their rent out and families (Stephans 61). Beyond the influences the use of heroin in its pharmacological effects, are the medical issues that can come from the use of the drug. Because the drug is often administered through hypode rmic needle, the risks of blood pathogens being transmitted are very high. Diseases such as HIV, Hepatitis C and Hepatitis B can be a very real outcome to drug use (Cuadra-Fernandez). As well, the social consequences can be higher than expected, especially for a teenager who is unprepared for the permanence that can result when the drug use leads to arrest, overdose, or discovery which will all lead to the behavior being revealed to family and friends, thus placing them in a position of being somewhat of an outcast. The group that the crisis mall that is proposed in this paper would address would be primarily made up of chippers and concerned non-addicts, their use not yet putting them into the downward social and physical spiral that an addict will experience. While the amount would certainly

Ferdinand de Saussure Essay Example for Free

Ferdinand de Saussure EssayStylistics is the analyze and interpretation of texts from a linguistic perspective. As a discipline it links literary criticism and linguistics, totally if has no autonomous domain of its own. 12 The preferred object of stylistic studies is literature, yet non exclusively high school literature but also other make fors of pen texts such as text from the domains of advertising, pop culture, political sympathies or religion.3 Stylistics also attempts to establish principles capable of justifying the incident choices make by individuals and social groups in their subprogram of ad specify, such as socialisation, the production and reception of nitty-gritty, critical discourse psychoanalysis and literary criticism. Other features of stylistics entangle the make use of of dialogue, including regional accents and peoples dialects, descriptive language, the use of grammar, such as the active give tongue to or passive voice, the distribution of sentence lengths, the use of p machinationicular language memoirs, etc.In addition, stylistics is a distinctive term that whitethorn be used to determine the flimflamnections between the form and effects inside a fibreicular variety of language. Therefore, stylistics looks at what is going on at bottom the language what the linguistic associations ar that the mode of language reveals. * Early twentieth century The analysis of literary style goes back to unequivocal rhetoric, but modern stylistics has its roots in Russian turnalism,4 and the related Prague School, in the early twentieth century.In 1909, Charles Ballys Traite de stylistique francaise had proposed stylistics as a distinct academic discipline to complement Saussurean linguistics. For Bally, Saussures linguistics by itself couldnt fully hound the language of personal expression. 5 Ballys programme fitted well with the aims of the Prague School. 6 Building on the ideas of the Russian Formalists, the Prague S chool demonstrable the fancy of foregrounding, whereby poetical language stands out from the background of non-literary language by means of deviation (from the norms of ein truthday language) or parallelism.7 According to the Prague School, the background language isnt fixed, and the relationship between poetic and e realday language is always shifting. 8 belatedly twentieth century Roman Jakobson had been an active member of the Russian Formalists and the Prague School, before emigrating to America in the 1940s. He brought together Russian Formalism and American New Criticism in his Closing Statement at a conference on stylistics at Indiana University in 1958.9 Published as philology and Poetics in 1960, Jakobsons lecture is often credited with cosmos the first coherent formulation of stylistics, and his argument was that the study of poetic language should be a sub-branch of linguistics. 10 The poetic function was one of six general functions of language he described in the lecture. Michael Halliday is an important figure in the development of British stylistics. 11 His 1971 study Linguistic part and Literary Style An Inquiry into the Language of William Goldings The Inheritors is a key essay.12 One of Hallidays contributions has been the use of the term register to explain the connections between language and its context. 13 For Halliday register is distinct from dialect. Dialect refers to the habitual language of a particular user in a detail geographical or social context. Register describes the choices made by the user,14 choices which depend on three variables field (what the participants atomic number 18 actually engaged in doing, for instance, discussing a specific subject or topic),15 tenor (who is taking part in the exchange) and mode (the use to which the language is organism put).Fowler comments that different fields produce different language, most obviously at the level of vocabulary (Fowler. 1996, 192) The linguist David watch crysta l points out that Hallidays tenor stands as a nigh equivalent term for style, which is a more specific alternative used by linguists to avoid ambiguity. (Crystal. 1985, 292) Hallidays third category, mode, is what he refers to as the symbolic organisation of the situation. Downes recognises two distinct aspects within the category of mode and suggests that non only does it describe the relation to the medium written, spoken, and so on, but also describes the genre of the text.(Downes. 1998, 316) Halliday refers to genre as pre-coded language, language that has non simply been used before, but that predetermines the selection of textual meanings. The linguist William Downes makes the point that the principal mark of register, no matter how peculiar or diverse, is that it is obvious and immediately recognisable. (Downes. 1998, 309) Literary stylistics In The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, Crystal observes that, in practice, most stylistic analysis has attempted to deal with t he complex and valued language within literature, i. e.literary stylistics.He goes on to say that in such examination the scope is some fourth holdings narrow to concentrate on the more striking features of literary language, for instance, its deviant and abnormal features, earlier than the broader social organizations that atomic number 18 launch in whole texts or discourses. For example, the compact language of poetry is more handlely to reveal the secrets of its braid to the stylistician than is the language of plays and novels. (Crystal. 1987, 71). Poetry As well as conventional styles of language there be the maverick the most obvious of which is poetry.In Practical Stylistics, HG Widdowson examines the conventional form of the epitaph, as plant on liberty chitstones in a cemetery. For example His memory is dear today As in the hour he passed away. (Ernest C. Draper Ern. Died 4. 1. 38) (Widdowson. 1992, 6) Widdowson makes the point that such sentiments are usual ly not very interesting and suggests that they whitethorn hitherto be dismissed as crude verbal carvings and crude verbal disturbance (Widdowson, 3). Nevertheless, Widdowson recognises that they are a very real attempt to convey feelings of human loss and preserve affectionate recollections of a good friend or family member.However, what may be seen as poetic in this language is not so a lot in the formulaic phraseology but in where it surfaces. The verse may be given up undue reverence precisely because of the sombre situation in which it is placed. Widdowson suggests that, unlike words set in stone in a graveyard, poetry is unorthodox language that vibrates with inter-textual implications. (Widdowson. 1992, 4) Two problems with a stylistic analysis of poetry are noted by PM Wetherill in Literary Text An Examination of little Methods.The first is that there may be an over-preoccupation with one particular feature that may well minimize the significance of others that are eq ually important. (Wetherill. 1974, 133) The second is that all attempt to see a text as simply a collection of stylistic elements will tend to ignore other ways whereby meaning is produced. (Wetherill. 1974, 133) Implicature In Poetic Effects from Literary Pragmatics, the linguist Adrian Pilkington analyses the idea of implicature, as instigated in the previous hold up of Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson.Implicature may be divided into two categories strong and creaky implicature, yet between the two extremes there are a variety of other alternatives. The strongest implicature is what is emphatically implied by the speaker or writer, while weaker implicatures are the wider possibilities of meaning that the hearer or reader may conclude. Pilkingtons poetic effects, as he terms the concept, are those that achieve most relevance done a wide array of weak implicatures and not those meanings that are simply read in by the hearer or reader.Yet the distinguishing fast at which weak impl icatures and the hearer or readers conjecture of meaning diverge stay highly subjective. As Pilkington says there is no clear cut-off point between assumptions which the speaker certainly endorses and assumptions derived strictly on the hearers responsibility. (Pilkington. 1991, 53) In addition, the stylistic qualities of poetry can be seen as an complement to Pilkingtons poetic effects in understanding a poems meaning. Stylistics is a valuable if long-winded start to criticism, and compels attention to the poems details.Two of the three simple exercises performed here show that the poem is deficient in structure, and demand to be radically recast. The third sheds light on its content. Introduction Stylistics applies linguistics to literature in the fancy of arriving at analyses which are more broadly based, rigorous and objective. 1 The pioneers were the Prague and Russian schools, but their approaches have been appropriated and extend in recent years by radical suppositio n.Stylistics can be evaluative (i. e.judge the literary worth on stylistic criteria), but more commonly attempts to simply analyze and describe the whole kit of texts which have already been selected as noteworthy on other grounds. Analyses can appear objective, detailed and technical, correct requiring computer assistance, but some caution is needed. Linguistics is currently a battlefield of contending theories, with no event in sight. Many critics have no formal training in linguistics, or even decent reading, and are apt to build on theories (commonly those of Saussure or Jacobson) that are inappropriate and/or no longer accepted.Some of the commonest terms, e. g. deep structure, foregrounding, have little or no experimental support. 2 Linguistics has rather different objectives, moreover to study languages in their entirety and generality, not their use in art forms. Stylistic excellence intelligence, originality, density and variety of verbal devices play their part in l iterature, but esthetics has long recognized that other aspects are equally important fidelity to experience, emotional shaping, significant content.Stylistics may well be popular because it regards literature as simply part of language and therefore (neglecting the esthetic dimension) without a privileged status, which allows the literary canon to be replaced by one more politically or sociologically pleasant. 3 Why then employ stylistics at all? Because form is important in poetry, and stylistics has the largest armoury of analytical weapons. Moreover, stylistics need not be reductive and simplistic. There is no need to pamper Jacobsons theory that poetry is characterized by the projection of the paradigmatic axis onto the syntagmatic one.4 Nor accept Bradfords theory of a double spiral 5 literature has too richly varied a report to be fitted into such a straitjacket. Stylistics suggests why certain devices are effective, but does not offer recipes, any more than theories of mu sical harmony explains away the gifts of individual composers. Some stylistic analysis is to be found in most types of literary criticism, and differences between the traditional, New Criticism and Stylistics approaches are often matters of emphasis.Style is a term of approbation in everyday use (that woman has style, etc.), and may be so for traditional and New Criticism. scarcely where the first would judge a poem by reference to typical usage of the period (Jacobean, Romantic, Modernist, etc. ), or according to genre, the New Criticism would probably simply note the conventions, explain what was unclear to a modern audience, and then pass on to a detailed analysis in terms of verbal density, complexity, ambiguity, etc. To the Stylistic critic, however, style means simply how something is expressed, which can be analyze in all language, aesthetic and non-aesthetic. 6Stylistics is avery technical subject, which hardly makes for engrossing, or and so uncontentious, 7 reading. The treatment here is very simple just the bare bones, with some references cited. Under different categories the poem is analyzed in a dry manner, the more salient indications noted, and some recommendations made in Conclusions. Published Examples of Stylistic Literary Criticism G. N. Leechs A Linguistic Guide to English Poetry (1969) Laura Browns black lovage Pope (1985) Roy Lewiss On Reading French Verse A Study in Poetic Form (1982) George Wrights Shakespeares Metrical Art. (1988)Richard Bradfords A Linguistic History of English Poetry (1993) Poem The Architects But, as youd expect, they are very Impatient, the buildings, having much in them Of the heavy circuit breaker of the North Sea, flurrying The grit, lifting the pebbles, flinging them With a hoarse roar against the aggregate They are composed of the cliffs higher of course, More burdensome, underwritten as It were with yesteryear days overcast And glinting, obdurate, part of the Silicate of tough lives, opposed and int ricate As the whir bureaucrats let in And settled with coffee in the cover pallets, A searching the send and the department meeting Except that these do not greet it, at least do not Seem to, being busy, generally.So perhaps it is only on those maculateless, almost Vacuumed afternoons with level upon tier Of concrete like rib-bones packed above them, And they low-cal with the dingy airiness Spinning around, and muzzy, a neuralgia life history at random like fallible relations, a border Ringing in a contrasted office they cannot get to, That they dumbfound attentive, or we do these Divisions persisting, indeed what we talk about, We, constructing these webs of buildings which, caulk like bulky whales about us, are always.A consume that some dissembling of the light or weather Will dress them as friends, pleading and flailing And fill with placid but unbearable melodies Us in deep hinterlands of incurvate drinking glass. C. John Holcombe 1997 Metre Though apparently iambic, with five stresses to the line, the pulsation shows many reversals and substitutions. Put at its simplest, with / representing a strong stress representing a weak stress x representing no stress, and trying to fit lines into a pentameters, we have - / x x x / - x / x But as youd ex pect they are ve ry x / x x / x / x x x.Im pat ient the build ings, hav ing much in them x x x / x x / / x x Of the heav y surf of the North Sea, flurr ying x / - / x x / x / x The grit, lift ing the pebbl es, fling ing them x / - / x x / x With a hoarse roar a gainst the agg re gate x x / x / / x x / They are com posed of, the cliffs high er of course / x - / x / x More burd en some, un der writ ten as x / x / - / - / x / It were with past days o ver cast x / x. / x - / x x And glit ter ing, ob du rate, part of the - / x x x / - / - / x x / x x Sil icate of tough lives dist ant and in tricate - x / x / x - / x As the whir ring bu reau crats let in x / x x / x x / x / x And set tled with cof fee in the con crete pal lets x / x x / x x / x / x A wait ing the express and the de part ment meet ing x x / x / x x / x Ex cept that these do not know it, at least do not - / x / x / x / x x. Seem to be ing bus y gen ER all y x / x x / x x / x / x So per haps it is on ly on those cloud less al most - / x / x x / x x / x Vac uumed af ter noons with ti ER u pon ti ER x / x / / - / x / x Of con Crete like rib bones packed a bove them x / / x x / / x And they light head ed, with the blue air i ness - / x x / x / x x / x x Spin ning a round and muz zy, a neu ral gia - / x x / x x / x / x x / . Cal ling at ran dom like frail re lat ions a phone - / x x x / x / x x / x / x Ring ing in a dist ant of fice they can not get to x / x / x / x x / /- That they be commence at ten tive, or we do these x / x x / x x / x / x / Di vis ions per sist ing, in deed what we talk a bout - / x / x x / x / x We, con struct ing these we bs of build ings which - / x / / x / x x / x Caulk Ed like majuscule whales a bout us are al ways x / x x / x x / x / x .A ware that some trick of the light or weath ER / x x / - / x x / x Will dress them as friends plead ing and flail ing x / x / x x / x x / x x And fill with plac id but UN bear able mel odies - / x - / x x x / / Us in deep hint erlands of in curved glass Poets learn to confide their senses, but even to the experienced writer these (tedious) exercises can pinpoint what the ear suspects is faulty, suggest where improvements lie, and show how the metre is making for variety, broad consistency, shaping of the argument and emotive appeal.Though other scansions are certainly mathematical in the lines above, the most striking feature will remain their irregularity. Many lines can only roughly be called pentameters Lines 16 and 17 are strictly hexameters and lines 27 and 28 are tetrameters. In fact, the lines do not read like blank verse. The rhy thm is not iambic in many areas, but trochaic, and indeed insistently dactylic in lines 9 and 10, 21 and 22 and 28. Line 27 is preponderantly anapaestic, and line 3 could (just) be scanned x x / x / x x / / x x Of the heavy surf of the North Sea flurr ying.Reflective or meditative verse is generally written in the iambic pentameter, and for good reason the benefit of past examples, readers expectations, and because the iambic is the closest to everyday run-in flexible, unemphatic, expressing a wide range of social registers. Blank verse for the stage may be very irregular but this, predominantly, is a quiet poem, with the falling rhythms inducing a mood of reflection if not melancholy. What is being attempted? Suppose we set out the argument (refer to rhetorical and other analyses), tabbing and reverse tabbing as the reflections as they seem more or less private 8 1.But, as youd expect, 2. they are very impatient, the buildings, 3. having much in them of the heavy surf of the North Sea, 4. flurrying the grit, 5. lifting the pebbles, 6. flinging them with a hoarse roar against the aggregate they are composed of the 7. cliffs higher of course, more 8. burdensome, 9. underwritten as it were with past days 10. overcast and glinting, 11. obdurate, 12. part of the silicate of tough lives, 13. opposed and intricate as 14. the whirring bureaucrats 15.Let in and settled with coffee in the concrete pallets, awaiting the seat and the department meeting 16. except that these do not know it,17. at least do not seem to, being busy, 18. generally. 19. So perhaps it is only on those cloudless, almost vacuumed afternoons with tier upon tier of concrete like rib bones packed above them, and 20. they light-headed 21. with the blue airiness spinning around, and 22. muzzy, a 23. neuralgia calling at random like 24. frail relations, a 25. phone ringing in a distant office they cannot get to, that 26. They become attentive, 27. or we do 28. these divisions persisting, 29 . indeed what we talk about, 30. we, constructing these webs of buildings which 31.Caulked like great whales about us, are 32.always aware that some trick of the light or weather will dress them as friends, 33. pleading and flailing and 34. fill with placid but unbearable melodies 35. us in deep hinterlands of incurved glass. The structure should now be clear. Where Eliot created new forms by stringing together unremarkable pentameters, 8 this poem attempts the reverse to recast an irregular ode-like structure as pentameters. And not over-successfully many of the rhythms seemed unduly confined. But once returned to the form of an eighteenth century Pindaric ode, however unfashionable today, the lines regain a structure and integrity.Each starts with a marked stress and then tails away, a feature emphasized by the sound kinds. 9 Sound Patterning To these sound patterns we now turn, adapting the International Phonetic Alphabet to HTML restrictions 1. But as youd expect u a U e e b t z y d ksp kt 2. They are very impatient the buildings A a(r) e E i A e e i i th v r mp sh nt th b ld ngz 3. Having much in them of the heavy surf of the North Sea a i u i e o e e e(r) o e aw E h v ng m ch n th m v th h v s f v th n th s .4. flurrying the grit u E i e i fl r ng th gr t 5. lifting the pebbles i i e e l ft ng th p b lz 6. flinging them with a hoarse roar against the aggregate they are composed of i i e i e aw aw e A e a E A A a(r) o O o fl ng ng th m w th h s r g nst th gr g t th k MP zd v 7. the cliffs higher of course more e i I e o aw aw th kl fs h v s m 8. burdensome u(r) e e b d ns m 9.underwritten as it were with past days u e i e a i (e)r i a(r) A nd r t n z t w w p st d z 10. overcast and glinting O e(r) a(r) a i i v k St nd gl NT ng 11. obdurate o U A bd r t 12. part of the silica te of tough lives (a)r o e i i A o u I p t f th s l k t v t f l vz 13. distant and intricate i a a i i e d St NT nd NT r k t 14. as the whirring bureaucrats a e e(r) i U O a z th w r ng b r kr ts 15.let in and settled with coffee in the concrete pallets e i a e ie i o E i e o E a e l t n nd s tl d w th k f n th k Kr t p l Ts awaiting the post and the department meeting e A i e O a e E e E i w t ng th p St nd th d p tm NT m t ng 16. except that these do not know it e e a E U o O i ks pt th th z d n t n t 17. at least do not seem to being busy a E U o E U E i i E t l St d n t s m t b ng b z /td 18.generally e e a E j nr l 19. so perhaps it is only on those cloudless almost vacuumed afternoons O e(r) a i i O o O ou e aw O a U a(r) e oo s p h ps t z nl n th z kl dl s lm St v k md ft n nz with tier upon tier of con crete like rib bones packed above them and i E e(r) e o E e(r) o o E I i O a e u e a w th t p n t v k nkr t l k r b b nz p Kt b v th m nd 20. they light headed A I e e th l t h d d 21.with the blue airiness spinning around and i e U (A)r i e i i e ou a w th th bl r n s sp n ng r nd nd 22. muzzy a u E e m z 23. neuralgia calling at random like U a E a aw i a a o I n r lj k l ng t r nd m l k 24. frail relations a A e A e e fr l r l zh nz 25. phone ringing in a distant office they cannot get to that O i i i e i a o i A a o e oo a f n r ng ng n d St NT f s th k n t g t t th 26.they become attentive A E u a e i th b k m t NT v 27. or we do aw E oo w d 28. these divisions persisting E i i e e(r) i i th z d v zh nz p s St ng 29. indeed what we talk about i E o E aw e ou in d wh t w t k b t 30. we constructing these w ebs of buildings which E o u i E e o i i i w k nz str Kt ng th z w bs v b ld ngz wh Ch 31. caulked like great whales about us are aw I A A e ou u a(r) k kd l k gr t w lz b t s 32. always aware that some trick of the light or weather will dress them as friends aw A e (A)r a u i o e I aw e e(r) i e e a e lw z w th t s m tr k v th l t w th w l dr s th m z Fr ndz 33. pleading and flailing E i a A i pl d ng nd fl l ng 34. will fill with placid but unbearable melodies i i i a i u u A(r) a e e O E f l w th PL s d b t n b r b l m l d z 35.us in deep hinterlands of incurved glass u i E i e a o i e(r) a(r) s n d p h NT l ndz v nk v d GL s Sound in poetry is an immensely complicated and contentious subject. Of the septetteteen different employments listed by Masson 10 we consider seven 1. Structural emphasis All sections are structurally emphasized to some ex tent, but note the use (in decreasing hardness) of * plosive consonants in sections 1, 5, 6, 7, 10-13, 19, 28-50 31 and 35. * fricative and aspirate consonants in sections 2, 3, 6, 7, 12, 19, 25, 28, 32, 35.* liquid and nasal consonants in sections 3, 4, 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21, 23, 31-35. Also * predomination of front vowels in all sections but 6, 7, 11, 16, 17, 19 and 31. * predominance of vowels in middling positions only sections 16 and 17 having several high vowels and section 3 low vowels. 2. Tagging of sections Note sections 1, 7, 13 and 15. 3. Indirect support of argument by related echoes * Widely used, most obviously in sections 3-7, 12-13, and 15. 4. informative mime mouth movements apes expression * Sections 2, 6, 11-13, 19, 31 and 35. 5. Illustrative painting * Sections 3-6, 10-13, 15, 19 and 33.Most sections are near patterned in consonants. Those which arent (and therefore need attention if consistency is to be maintained) are perhaps 8, 9, 14, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26 and 27. Originally the poem was cast in the form of irregular pentameters. But if this is set aside in favour of the 35 sections listed above, how are these sections to be linked in a self-evident and pleasing form? A little is accomplished by alliteration * f in sections 3 to 7. * s and t in sections 12 to 15 * w in sections 29 to 32 And also by the predominance of front and intermediate level vowels, but these do not amount to much.Certainly we do not find that the overall shaping of the poem emphasizes the argument or content. Sociolinguistics Language is not a impersonal medium but comes with the contexts, ideologies and social intentions of its speakers written in. Words are living entities, things which are constantly being employed and only half taken over carrying opinions, assertions, beliefs, information, emotions and intentions of others, which we partially accept and modify. In this sense actors line is dialogic, has an internal polemic, and Bakhtins insights into the multi-layered nature of language (heteroglossia) can be extended to poetry.11 Much of Postmodernist musical composition tries to be very unliterary, incorporating the raw material of everyday speech and writing into its creations. This poem seems rather different, a somewhat remote tone and elevated diction applying throughout. Let us see whats achieved by chemical group under the various inflections of the speaking voice. * urgently confidential But, as youd expect, cliffs higher, of course, that they become attentive or we do * obsessively repetitious flurrying the grit, lifting the pebbles, flinging themBurdensome, underwritten overcast and glinting, obdurate * over-clever silicate of tough livesdistant and intricate constructing these webs of buildings distracted and/or light-headed except that these do not know it at least do not seem to with the blue airiness spinning around calling at random like frail relations * melancholiac and/or reflective some trick of the light or w eather will dress them as friends pleading and flailing and fill with placid but unbearable melodies.The exercise hardly provides revelation. Heteroglossia is an interweaving of voices, moreover, not shifts of tone or reference. And yet there is something very odd about the opening line. Why should we expect the buildings to be very impatient?This is more than the orators trick of attracting attention, since the animate nature of buildings and their constituents is referred to throughout the poem. To be more exact, the attitude of the inhabitants observers, bureaucrats, architects to the buildings is developed by the poem, and is paralleled by the tone. But why the confidential and repetitious attitude at the beginning.Why should we be buttonholed in this manner? Why the But, which seems to point to an earlier conversation, and the urgency with which that earlier conversation is being refuted or covered up? Because the blame for something is being shifted to the buildings.What err or has been committed we do not know, but in mitigation we are shown the effect of the buildings on other inhabitants. Or perhaps we are. In fact the whirring bureaucrats seem to grow out of the fabric of buildings, and we do not really know if the we, constructing these webs of buildings is meant literally or metaphorically. The poems title suggests literally, but perhaps these constructions are only of the mind sections 17, 20-29, 32 and 34 refer to attitudes rather than actions, and there is an ethereal or otherworldly atmosphere to the later section of the poem.So we return to heteroglossia, which is not simply borrowed voices, but involves an internal polemic, 12 that private dialogue we conduct between our private thoughts and their acceptable public expression. The dialogue is surely here between the brute physicality of a nature made overpoweringly real and the fail brevity of human lives. That physicality is threatening and unnerving. If the we of the later section of the p oem is indeed architects then that physicality is harnessed to practical ends. If the constructing is purely mental then the treatment is through attitudes, mindsets, philosophies.But in neither case does it emasculate the energy of the physical world. Architects may leave monuments tail end them, but they are also imprisoned in those monuments (us in deep hinterlands) and hearing all the time the homesick voice of their constituents. Conclusions Suggested Improvements The greatest difficulty lies in the poems structure. An pentameter form has been used to give a dilettante unity, but this wrenches the rhythm, obscures the sound patterns and does nothing for the argument. If recast in sections defined by rhythm and sound pattern the form is too irregular to have artistic autonomy.A return could be made to the eighteenth century Pindaric ode in strict metre and rhyme, but would require extensive and skilful rewriting, and probably appear artificial. A prose poem might be the answer , but the rhythms would need to be more fluid and subtly syncopated. Otherwise, blank verse should be attempted, and the metre adjusted accordingly. The internal polemic is a valuable dimension of the poem, but more could be done to make the voices distinct. http//www. textetc. com/criticism/stylistics. html1. On StylisticsIs cognitive stylistics the future of stylistics?To answer this question in the essay that follows, I will briefly discuss Elena Semino and Jonathan Culpepers Cognitive Stylistics (2003), capital of Minnesota Simpsons Stylistics (2004), and a recent essay by Michael Burke (2005). However, because questions are like trains one may hide another any discussion of the future of stylistics raises intractable questions about stylistics itself. French students of stylistics, for example, will come across definitions of the discipline like the following. According to Brigitte Buffard-Moret, si les definitions de la stylistique que certains refusent de considerer comme une scien

Speaker’s notes Essay Example for Free

Speakers notes Essay playground slide 1 education on the slideAs the first slide it should be in front of the audience darn I present myself and my project. The slide is a proportion between students and wards. It is meant to kick start the attention of the audience, implying the students as future wards.The picture is taken from www.lao.ca.gov.What to addressAfter a brief introduction is made I make a short presentation on the picture, mentioning that both students and wards carry a gun for the corresponding reasons, to feel safe. coast 2All presentations should have a clearly stated question or problem that they address. In our case we examine the questionsIs Juvenile criminal offense regularises Increasing?Is Juvenile withdraw Rates Increasing?How do the Violent Crime Rates of Ohio relate to the whole country?It is cartridge clip to mention the increasing rumor that insubstantial violence is increasing through step forward the US. In fact more researchers say that th e statistics show that the insubstantial crime order is in fact decreasing in the US. (Snyder, Finnegan, Sickmund (1999)). We wherefore turn our eyes to concentrate on Ohio, to uplift how the juvenile Crime Rate is developing there.Slide 3This slide is the first in a series of statistical graphs. To compare the t on the wholey rate we include the number of juvenile assassinates in Ohio from 1995-2004.Juvenile Ohio murder graphThis Graph describes the Murders performed by juveniles beneath 18 everyplace a decade. We can picture that the number of murders have decreased during the last a couple of(prenominal) years, it was especi eachy low during the year of 1999. However, at the end of the graph we can see the Murder Rate starting to rise again during the most recent years.Data collected from Federal Bureau of Investigation. auxiliary Homicide Reports 1980-2004 machine-readable data filesIn this diagram we see that the numbers of juvenile murder offenders are decreasing o ver the past decade, this doesnt necessarily mean that the percentages of juvenile murder offenders are decreasing in comparison to adult murder offenders. To investigate this we need to look at the adult murder offenders and take out a percentage for the juvenile case.Slide 4Here we investigate the number of adult murder offenders, a number that seems to be fairly stable. As a result of this we can see that the juvenile share of the Ohio murders have in fact decreased over the past decade. If looked at from a shorter perspective, we see that it has gone up a little the last few years, possibly indicating that it may continue to go up in the future.Data collected from Federal Bureau of Investigation. appurtenant Homicide Reports 1980-2004 machine-readable data filesSlide 5For the rest of the country we see basically the same pattern.Data collected from Federal Bureau of Investigation. Supplementary Homicide Reports 1980-2004 machine-readable data filesSlide 6If we compare the juven ile murder rate in Ohio to the rest of the country, we see that Ohio is slightly higher than the entire US murder rate. We can also notice that the juvenile murder rate is increasing more rapidly for Ohio. This means that the need to improve the situation is bigger in Ohio than in the country in general.Data collected from Federal Bureau of Investigation. Supplementary Homicide Reports 1980-2004 machine-readable data filesSlide 7While violent crimes are a problem in the state of Ohio it is also a problem for each of the individual counties. It has been said that it is almost impossible to predict juvenile crime rates (Snyder, Finnegan, Sickmund (1999)) and in this picture (Snyder, Finnegan, Sickmund (1999), chapter5) we can see the crime rates in each county.Slide 8What about crimes like Robbery, Rape and Car Theft?Slide 9Since it has been impossible to locate statistics for all of Ohio as a state due to lack of data, we are forced to make a comparison on the counties. The counties with the highest population rate areFranklinCuyahogaHamiltonLucasSummitHowever, it is only possible to locate statistical data from Franklin, Lucas and Summit.These graphs include the crime rates of motor vehicle theft, aggravated assault, forcible rape, and robbery. The values are all in percentage, compared to the entire crime rate.When looking at these graphs it is clear that the general trend of violent juvenile crime arrests are decreasing or being fairly steady in all areas, with the expulsion of motor vehicle theft in Lucas that is increasing. This leads us to the conclusion that the rate of juvenile crimes are not increasing in Ohio, but in fact decreasing.Slide 10ConclusionDuring the beginning of the 90s the Juvenile Crime Rate was very high. Since 1996 it has decreased again, and even if we see a subaltern upwards tendency, there is not enough statistical data to support the belief that the Rate impart go up again.However, the crime rate is very high, and Ohio is above the rest of the country.Ohios Juvenile Crime Rate is also increasing more rapidly then the rest of the country, which calls for immediate action forrader we reach the high levels of aggressive crime that we saw in the 90s.

How Luxury Brands Were Affected by Recession Essay Example for Free

How Luxury Brands Were Affected by Recession EssayBovis homes group PLC, a leading UK ho lend oneself builder, had to review its incorporated plans as a result of the quoin and major cuts in g all overnment put acrossing on building projects. Gives the high level of change in stinting and political environments, is there some(prenominal) point in corporate readying? Justify your answer with reference to the ho usance building industry and/or other organisations or industries you do that take a leak been affected by such changes. (40 marks) Post 2007, global economy has been reeling under recession. Recessionary atmospheric pressure began with United States economy slowing big money however it has spread globally affecting all countries in some way or the other. Income level, employment pass water been affected badly. Consumption levels have gone down drastically, which affected consumer dependant countries, such as the UK. Traditionally, high life brands have not been affected by recession so much, since they have been catering to the higher end class, which is not so affected by the sparing downturn. However, in recent past, the luxury has been catering to the inspirational customers, whose consumption patterns ar affected due to economic recession.During times like these, companies usually dependant on corporate planning. Some of them in order to grow, others to survive. embodied planning is the process of drawing up detailed action plans to achieve an memorial tablets goals and objectives, taking into account the resources of the organization and the environment within which it operates. Music and books retailer HMV Group became a company that was heavily affected by recession in 2008, as it had to close 60 UK interposes in the next 12 months in response to declining sales.The 60 stores set to close represent roughly 10% of the groups UK High Street presence, which comprises 285 HMV shops and 312 Waterstones egresslets. The massive stor e closure of outlets was an attempt to survive, as they has been hammered by competition from digital downloads as salubrious as A-onemarkets and online retailers undercutting it on price. As well as the store closures, HMV tell it would implement other cost-cutting measures that would save it a further ? 10m per year.However HMVs corporate planning hasnt prove to be successful, as it turns out HMVs share price has declined steadily throughout 2010, and the latest drop brings its cumulative fall to more than 75% over the last 13 months. Also the firms shares dropped 20% even further after it revealed the sales data, and admitted it was having job meeting the terms of a bank loan. As it turns out, HMVs retail analyst didnt expect practice of medicine and DVD market falling that fast, despite their attempts to change their sales mix, offering iPods and live music in order to stay in the market.HMV is repeating Woolworths and Zavvi collapse during the recession. Fox described ext remely strong trading conditions with total sales of physical CDs and DVDs down 10% and 8% respectively against the same six-month expiration last year. Without a new console to fire the imagination the picture was even worse in video games where sales plunged 12%, a fall that was on top of the 30% slump seen in 2009. It is not that value is moving from physical to the digital sales it is just that value is being lost, said Fox. Therefore the HMV is facing severe competition and tough times due to recession.Their corporate planning proved to be unsuccessful, they are trying to deal with already dead market, which dont have any prerequisites to grow in the future. Poundland is complitely different business, with different approach and corporate plan, as they grow during the recession periods. They are aimed at consumer who requires value. Some of that is driven by the economy or the economic conditions, some of that is because the people have low disposable incomes and traditional ly thats been the case, and they have needed to seek value. During tough economic conditions, that was evermore the case.When US recession just took place, in 2008, poundland started to grow using external growth. At christmas 2008, when Woolworth post-administration 600 stores became available, poundland took 70 of those over three years. Big success from the very beginning was due to , very talented property team, who use a network of agents so they are are constantly searching for new opportunities of expansion. A come of other opportunities have arisen over the years as well and they have been able to convert those instead quickly because they had a new store opening team and a refurbishment programme, which really is more or less pie-cutting.So theres a process. The average around 60 stores a year now, so over one a week, which I think is testament to the quality of the team, the sourcing of the stores and the continual improvement in the performance of the business, which of course helps finance those opportunities. In the recession or difficult economic periods, all decisions call for to be discussed and implemented using professional team, which will make your business distinguish from arising competition. In the shoemakers last I would like to say that recession is not true for every business.As we have seen above, poundland did well during the recession period, as they targeting those on low-incomes and those, who willing to save, however a situation in a luxury industry differs The wealthy are not much affected by economic downturn and to use luxury goods is a kind of addiction it isnt easy to change the lifestyle even if personal income dropped. The geneva motor show 2013 is happening right now. Rolls Royce is selling better than they did last year, as is Lamborghini.The Middle East, Russia do not seem to be feeling the crunch for the time being. The general feeling is that desire for the super luxury brands remains high but purchases are be ing delayed. Lamborghini always under produce and have enough orders to remain keep production going for a long time whilst mass to mid(prenominal) luxury car factories are laying off workers, that is the trend that works in the luxury sector. However, the bourgeois luxury brands will be heavily affected due to concept that was stated above with an eccentric of poundland.Surely some of them could be richer during the trouble times, but most are struggling and havent the mind to elapse freely money for luxury items as before. The wealthy never stop spending, they just change what they spend their money on. For example companies like Hermes, Alfred Dunhill, Vacheron Constatine, and Botega Veneta are designed to be recession proof. Marc Jacobs and Chanel on the other tump over will feel the pain. As stated above its all about client base and how corporate plan was developed and implemented.

Founding of the City Essay Example for Free

Founding of the City Essaycapital of Norway is Norways dandy letter city. The name capital of Norway was derived from the Old Norse word os meaning mountain and lo meaning champaign or river . Thus, Oslo dirty dog be described as a place that is fixed beneath the mountains. The city of Oslo was founded around1000 AD. The prime(prenominal) evident settlement in Oslo took place in the eighth century. During the periods 1300 1600 AD, there were no significant buildings except for a few wooden houses. People of Ger serviceman melodic phrase may have settled along the Oslo Fjord who moved up to the north from mainland atomic number 63 (Zelko 63). The first people who inhabited Oslo lived in humble settings with the houses made of wooden and turf stigmatize that was surrounded by pens or sheds for goats, sheep and cows. In 1286 Oslo became the city of Hansa league with close ties to the Rostock City, in Federal Germany. Like all the new(prenominal) settlers of Norway, the p eople were grouped together in form of tribes with landowners meeting with his other landed neighbors in a public assembly called Thing. Legislative assemblies were called Lagtings (Zelko 63).During the Viking age, AD800-1000 Oslo settlers grew rapidly as it had establish the center for trade and shipbuilding activities and later it earned the name the Viking Capital (Oslo 1). Viking means a man from Vik, a huge bay surrounded by the Cape Lindesnes in Norway and the mouth of Gota River in Sweden (Britannica 1033). Norwegian Vikings, analogous other Vikings of Denmark and Sweden, were feared all over Europe as they had superior ships and weapons as well intermited armament organization. They were basically endowed with extraordinary hunger for adventure (Britannica 1034).Norwegian Vikings were k directn to be pitiless and brave fighters who killed their victims and greedily loots their conquered settlements and when they were done plundering destroyed the place with wake. They changed the face of Europe as they move in raiding and trade and then finally attracted by their conquered lands settled to live there. Their target places were for the most part western European countries such as England, Scotland, and Iceland. Their active participation in trading had renewed the neglected European commerce of the mid(prenominal)dle Ages.Their contact with Western Europe was instrumental for their Christianization and eventually unification of Norway (Britannica 1033). In 885 the first Viking Monarch, Harold the Fair-haired united Norway (Halsey 239). During his predominate the settlers of Norway, including Oslo, were commonly engaged in blood feuds, fightings that involve almost, if non all, disagreeing families. Even minor disputes can trigger the killing and maiming of both members of the quarreling families and if non settled can graduation exercise an endless round of retaliation.The violence can be finally stopped when offending families pay the wr ong(p)ed families which they called bot. some eons family feuds were brought to the attention of the Lagtings who will decide the outcome of the disputes and impose penalties. The worst penalty they can give at that time was known as outlawrya sentence that regarded the offender as if he died already. entirely his goods were taken away from him and he can non exercise or claim any legal rights. In fact, anyone can kill him without facing the risk of penalty. These condemned people were left with no choice but to leave their country of origin or live in the fo wait as an outlaw (Tseng 24).In 1050 Harald Hardrade or as commonly as King Harald III officially founded Oslo and made it the center of southern Norway. This point was located at the eastern side of the harbor on the left banishk of the small Akers River (Halsey 239). Harald died in 1066 and his expiry ended the Viking period as raidings stopped (Norway 3). Oslo experienced a great era during the reign of Haakon V who was crowned in 1299. He decided to build the Akershus fortress in Olso to serve as his home with his wife Euphemia of Rugens, a Northern German princess (Oslo 1).He made Oslo the upper-case letter of Norway replacing Bergen. This time Oslo and the rest of Norway enjoyed relative peace (Norway 2007). In 1318 Norway was united with the kingdom of Sweden when Duke Erik of Sweden get married Princess Ingebjorg, daughter of Queen Euphemia and Hakon V Magnusson. The unification of both countries was officially signed in the Bishops castle now presently know as Oslo Ladergard (Oslo City 2006). The saddest event that occurred in the early explanation of Oslo was the Black Death that terrorized the earthly concern in 1349.It was estimated that half of Oslos population died during the time of the Black Death or bubonic plague. Bubonic plague was carried by fleas in rats from England (Oslo 2006). Because of the privation of its inhabitants and damage to agriculture Norway united together wit h Denmark and Sweden via the Union of Kalmar 1397(Norway 2007). During this time Copenhagen, instead of Oslo, was selected as the actual capital of Norway. Consequently Oslo lost its political entailmentance and was only regarded as a provincial administrative center while the kings lived in Copenhagen and Stockholm from 1400-1500 (Oslo City 2006).In 1523, however, Sweden dropped out of the union, and weaker Norway was left in the care of Danish Kings (Norway 2007). Part 2 Modern Era Reformation Period Like the rest of mainland Europe, Oslo was greatly affected by the Lutheran Protestant Reformation of 1537 when the German Monk Martin Luther questioned the laws of papistical Catholic Church and sought to reform the religious beliefs of the Europeans. Oslo citizens were engaged in religious conflicts(Thodock 2003). The Catholic bishop of Oslo, Hans Rev was converted to Protestantism despite the reluctance of the citizens ( Oslo City 2006).Since Oslo had slightly lost its political and economic importance as a city at this time as it was being recipe by Denmark, most of the buildings constructed there were only made of wood. The city was easily destroyed by fire in 1624. King Christian IV of Denmark and Norway decided to move the town to the right bank of the Akers River and make it near the Akershus Fortress. The city buildings were constructed in a Renaissance city style with rectangular blocks and renamed capital of Norway (Halsey). scientific RevolutionThe scientific revolution changed the earthly concerns beliefs entirely, and Norway in the heart of its Religious beliefs was proven wrong and questions concerning the scientific approach were answered. Copernicus first with his opinion on the heliocentric theory, Galileo second with proof of Copernicus theory, and Newton trine with the laws of gravity to explain how and why the planets revolved around the sun. Enlightenment During the 1700s the Age of Reason or the Enlightenment flourished in Europe pa rticularly to the Norwegian trading partners of Great Britain and Holland.In these places people were severe to improve their lives with the use of reason instead of following traditional religious or the conventional accepted beliefs. Contact with the enlightened British and Dutch affected the daily life of the inhabitants of capital of Norway. Norwegian traders brought home with them not only the prized cargoes of tobacco, coffee, tea and spices but also enlightened and innovative ideas. They constructed luxurious houses with magnificent gardens in ossification with the style borrowed from western Europe (Oslo City 2006).Napoleonic wars At first, Denmark and Norway attempted to remain nonsubjective in the Napoleonic wars between France and England and their respective allies in 1805. However, in 1807 England attacked the entire Danish cash in ones chips and as a result Denmark joined the war together with France against Britain (Britannica 1034). Britain cut-off trading with Norway and set up a continental blockade against Denmark and Norway wherein British navy prevented the goods from both Norway and Denmark in reaching its trading partners . This action greatly affected the economy of Norway.The export of fish and timber from Christiania as well as the import of grain from Denmark were blocked. As a result, citizens of Christiania faced an economic crisis and suffered hunger. To end their trouble, Britain loosened up its ban on Norway in 1810-13(Oslo 1991). In 1814 the king of Denmark was forced to give up Norway to Sweden in a Treaty of Kiel when Napoleon I was defeated (Oslo 2006). Eager to rebuild their government the Norwegian created its first constitution on May 17 the same year and Christiania became the capital city.In time, Christiania replaced its rival Bergen as Norways largest city. The people celebrated with joy as Christiania was expected to regain its old glory without giving much thought at first that they were still under the dicta tion of a foreigner, Sweden. As a capital city, Christiania once again became important politically and economically. For its freshly acquired role, new monumental buildings were erected as venue for important functions. . They were the Royal Palace, Bank of Norway and the stock exchange Oslo Bors.Later, most Christiania citizens joined with the rest of Norway in demanding for a complete control of their own affairs. They did not want to recognize the provisions of the Treaty of Kiel and instead preferred a Danish King to rule them. Because of the political unrest , Sweden was forced to make the Act of Union of 1815,that gave Norway the privilege of having its own army, navy and fan tan (Storting) and was permitted to control their own internal affairs in exchange for their strict compliance to the Treaty of Kiel (Oslo 2006).Renaissance Period Because of their internal independence, Christianias economic and political power rose. By mid 1800s, Christiania grew into a major adminis trative, economic and military center. The economic success brought about by the exaltation and agricultural industry made Christiania a dominant economic city of Norway (World Book 1981). The land site of rapid industrial revolution in Oslo started at the Aker River around 1840. The development of Industries relied in the electrical energy provided by this River.Old buildings along the River were demolished and replaced with concrete large textile industrial buildings . Because of the increased jobs offered by industries the population of Christiania increased as peasants and rural populace moved to the cities hoping find work. In the germ of the Industrial Revolution, Christianias industrial workers, like most of European industrial cities, lived in indigence as a result of low income. They mostly lived in crowded houses meant for workers in where sanitation was bad. As a result, diseases were common and spread easily.To augment family income, the children aged below ten were f orced to work in the industries, an environment that was not conducive for their well-balanced growth. In fact, industries were noisy and dusty. They caused water and air pollution. Because of this, the health of the children was at a risk and many contracted diseases. Resistance to diseases decreased as they lacked the time to toy and sleep. In fact, schoolwork was unavoidably neglected (Off 2007). Revolutions of 1848 The political revolutions in Europe in 1848 had increased the disposition of Norway to demand for independence from Sweden.In the late 1800s popular Norwegian playwrights Henrik Ibsen and Bjornstjerne Bjorjornson staged a play in Christianias theater with a theme about political hypocrisy, rights of women and social problems. These plays helped Norwegians develop a sense of nationalism. In 1901 the city of Christiania was selected by the notable Swedish inventor, Alfred Nobel to be the site for the awarding of the most prestigious Noble Peace Prize (Lundestad 2001). By 1905 Sweden granted independence to Norway and Christiania at last was freed from foreign interference that began 1300s (Halsey 240).Industrial Revolution World War I was inevitable due to industrialization and the desire for each country had to become supreme grew. Firstly, relationships between the nations of the world were dramatically altered by the Industrial Revolution of the nineteenth century. Tensions between the industrial powers began to rise. The intensity between the industrial powers grew more and more as each country sought to expand its sphere of find at the expense of others. Secondly, there was a growing desire by ethnic populations within the big countries to become independent nations.Norway separated from Sweden and revolts occurred in colonies such as China, Zimbabwe, Namibia, and Ireland. War broke out in the Balkans in 1912 and again in 1913, as Bulgaria, Serbia, Macedonia, and Greece fought first the Ottoman Empire and then Austria-Hungary. Lastly, Col onies around the world were a valuable asset for supporting the host countrys economy. The great European powers needed raw materials and outlets for their goods. They valued to expand into new colonies while still protecting the ones they already had.

Fast Food and Obsesity Essay Example for Free

Fast Food and Obsesity EssayNowadays, strong feed has become a way of life. both(prenominal) children and adults like to bury devalued fargon. However, fast feed is unhealthy. It causes many an(prenominal) a(prenominal) diseases, like obesity. Obesity is increasing among both children and adult. This stress will describe the apprisal between fast food and obesity. And it will in any case taper on research that contri merelyes to the understanding of link between obesity and disease risk during childhood and adolescence. This essay will be divided into three parts. Firstly, I will discuss the origin of fast food and the reasons why people like have fast food. What is more, the essay will look at the translation of obesity and why obesity has taken place. Fin altogethery, it is also important to note that in that location be many solutions from kinds of aspects to preventing obesity. Fast food originated in America and people like fast food imputable to several(pre nominal) reasons. Fast food is the term given to food that can be prepared and served rattling quickly. spot any meal with low preparation time can be considered to be fast food, also it can be take-away. The term fast food was recognized in a dictionary by MerriamWebster in 1951. So fast food has a long history.And there are many types of fast food restaurants. For instance, KFC, McDonalds and so on. hence, there are many reasons why people enjoy fertilizeing fast food. Firstly, with its convenient being a leading factor. Sometimes we just need to take fewthing to eat because of busy schedules. I think this is becoming a main reason why people eat fast food regularly. Secondly, fast food is so cheap compared with former(a) restaurants indeed. It is the best choice for those not looking to spend ofttimes money. Furthermore, fast food tastes so delicious because usually packed with fats and sugar. So this is why fast food is unhealthy.In addition to, People can get it easily du e to fast food restaurants at everywhere. Finally, many people cant produce. Actually, fast food has many advantages, but there are many disadvantages for our health. Fast food is widely accepted because it is convenient, inexpensive and easy, but quick and simple do not always worth nutritious and healthy. It is referred to as a chuck out food for a reason it offers few of the nutrients needed for healthy. Fast food does not just pay back take-away food, many kinds of microwave meals and some snacks are a part of fast food. Then all of this can increase the rate of obesity.Obesity has taken place due to several reasons and fast food is a major factor. The medical term for obesity is extreme overweight conditions. (Wikipedia) The condition of obesity is very easy to diagnose as the bulge of fat can be seen clearly on the body. And there are many factors to lead obesity. Causes of obesity are multifactor and oversimplified reasons for increasing trend in obesity are complex and v aried. It divided into three parts. Firstly, behavioural causes of obesity are linked to an increased consumption of noble calorie foods and a decrease in physical activity. Like fast food, it contains many sweet and fat person and these are the biggest crime when it comes to dangerous calories. Secondly, they are physiological and genetic factors.Physiological controls include appetite, hunger, satiation and satiety, to each one of which has a different regulatory mechanism. These controls involve highly complex interactions between neural and hormonal regulatory systems, which are often influenced by social and environmental factors. It leads to obesity as physiological factor. Finally, it is the age changing. approximately adults gradually increase their weight from early 20s up to their 50s. Their ability of food intake is decrease with aging. Then obesity will be taken place.Obesity rates are increasing worldwide, among both children and adults. maven important contribut or to this epidemic is the increasing worldwide consumption of fast food. In particular, the rate of children is obvious. everyplace the past 20 years the percentages of overweight children aged 6-11 years increased from 5% to 16% in United States. It is risk for children. The government should pay attention to it.Because obesity has been linked to a myriad of other health conditions, including heart disease, diabetes and cancer, and has become an enormous strain on the health care system. Then, this must be make a sensation and should take action. Face this situation that the rate of obesity has increase. We should make some measures to prevent obesity. There are many solutions to preventing obesity. First of all, we need to eat more healthy native food, not fast food and promote sustainable food and farming practices. Organic food is right-hand(a) for our health. The second place we should to provide some education.It includes physical, cooking, nutrition and gardening lessons. Next, we should do exercise every day. For instance, running, liquid and take a walk. It makes us nourishing fit. What is more, parents should teach their child not eat too much meat or sugar at childhood instead of some fruit or vegetables. And for adults, they should cook at home as soon as possible. In addition to, the advertisement is a divulge point. The government should forbid too much advertisement about fast food or dispose food on TV, instead of some health advertisements. Overall, the essay has proven that here is some relation between fast food and obesity.Fast food has a long history and it has advantages. But the disadvantages are also evident. What is more, there are all kinds of factors that lead to obesity. However, one of the main factors that contribute to obesity is fast food. Fast food is a killer. Studies suggest that fast food significantly increases the risk of obesity. The fast food is unhealthy for our bodies. Furthermore, we should take some solutions to prevent obesity. If you really want to eat, you should do excise for keeping fit. I strongly believe that we should not eat too much fast food if we want to keep healthy.