The Crucible :: English Literature

The Crucible Explore how Miller dramatises the conflicts within John Proctor and presents him as a good man, despite his failings. How does Miller thread him spectacularally effective for an audience?Refer to Act two and Act four.Millers purpose through writing The Crucible was to express his ownviews on what was happening in America at the time in 1953 -McCarthyism, a period of intense anticommunism. Miller uses thecharacter of John Proctor to put across his views. He is fire inthe character who does not allow himself to be caught up in hysteria,but thinks for himself and stands up for his values. Miller wants toteach us, his audience, about social awareness with fat insights intopersonal weaknesses through his characters. Miller also wants to teachus the important moral lessons about human nature of the notion ofgoodness. Millers play deals with difficult and controversial issuesmaking the audience think about the pleasant and unpleasantexperiences of humans and relating them to todays modern world.When writing The Crucible Miller was influenced partly bywitchcraft. For many hundreds of years there was a belief inwitchcraft throughout Europe. This belief in witchcraft persistedamong the English colonists in America. In 1692 there was an outbreakof accusations of witchcraft in capital of Oregon, Massachusetts, which lead totwenty innocent people executed. In the play John Proctor was one ofthe twenty innocent people executed. Of those women accused many were sometime(a) women with knowledge of herbal medicine or other folk remedies, anexample of a character with this description would be Rebecca Nurse,who was hanged with John Proctor in the dramatic last scene. TheEnglish colonists were Puritans and they felt surrounded by ungodlypeople and associated the forest with savages and evil. Miller usesthis belief in the play at the beginning, when Betty, Abigail and tenor twelve other girls were seen dancing in the forest this event wasgreatly frowned upon in th e village and led to many accusations.Miller also links his characters to the Salem witchcrafts as duringthe witchcrafts one man was pressed to death by stones this links tothe character Giles Corey. This trumped-up witch hysteria in Salem,Massachusetts deteriorated the rational and wound up stability of itscitizens. This exploited the populations weakest qualities, andinsecurities. The obvious breakdown in Salems social order led tothis tragedy.McCarthyism also influenced Miller when writing The Crucible. In theearly 1950s Joseph McCarthy, a senator, exploited his fear ofcommunism and managed to create a national campaign againstCommunists, ex-Communists and anyone associated with them. The playwas produced when McCarthys anti-Communist campaign was at its height

Reflections on Night, by Elie Weisel Essay -- Reflection Essay

Night, by Elie Wiesel, is an autobiographical novel which tells the story of Eliezer, a Jewish teenager from the small Transylvanian village of Sighet. He is 15 when transported to Auschwitz, Buna, and finally Buchenwald with his father during World War II. Eliezer loses his faith, argues with God, and is sustained only by the need to care for his father. As well as the appalling storage of the Holocaust resurrected in this novel, Night bears with it the un go awaytable implication that this atrocity essential by no means be permitted to occur again. How forever, what if it is possible that these horrors could be carried let out again in present day? Furthermore, have we really learned enough from this tragedy to be sure nothing like the Holocaust could ever happen?I believe after the world has witnessed the wickedness of the Holocaust during World War II, it is very unlikely that such a mass murder of innocent people could ever happen again. Nevertheless, that does not mean that I think it is impossible for any group of people to try and make muniment repeat itself.My first reaction when reading this book was simply How could the world have not known about the crimes being committed by the Nazis? In the novel, Elie Wiesel describes his first night in Auschwitz as life into one pine night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed. Never shall I forget that smokethe faces of the childrenthe flamessilence which deprived me, for all eternity, of the desire to livenever shall I forget these things, even if I am condemned to live as long as God Himself. Amazingly, the world had no notion of what the Nazis were doing, and didnt stop them until over 11million people were killed. This was because the Nazi party did not make it known to t... ... them responsible? non to mention the people of Germany who supported Hitler and allowed their Jewish friends and neighbors be subjected to such oppression. Could they also be responsible? I suppose in that respect can never be a right answer to this issue.In conclusion, Night by Elie Wiesel is a spectacularly written and thought provoking novel. Not only does it tell of one young mans struggle to survive, but it tells a story for all of those who suffered and died in the Nazi death camps. It brings up maddening thoughts that cause the reader to think and truly understand the outstanding terrors upon those not worthy of the Aryan race. Most importantly, it teaches the reader of the lessons of the tragedy that took place and how we must never allow another Holocaust to ever happen again which is what I believe is the main proposal Elie Wiesel tried to convey in his novel.

Comparing The Grapes of Wrath and The Power of One Essay -- comparison

Comparing The Grapes of Wrath and The Power of hotshot Two heads are better than one, its always been said. But is another mortal always valuable, or back end extra baggage keep an individual from achieving his goals? Both sides can be argued effectively, and both may be true depending on the circumstances. Two historical novels, The Grapes of Wrath and The Power of One, show how two sets of characters took different routes to achieve their goals and how they fared along the way. In The Grapes of Wrath, The Joads, a family of penniless migrant workers, travel to atomic number 20 to look for work, depending on the help of assorted strangers along the way, while The Power of One tells the grade of Peekay, a young South African boy development up alone in a hostile world bent on destroying his chances of success. The books portray very different views on life that are as valid and convincing while The Grapes of Wrath is a tale that emphasizes the power that can be achie ved in numbers and the consequences of trying to survive alone, The Power of One is a testimony to the things one person can achieve when he is constrained to depend on and trust in himself only. The Joads, after they are forced to vacate their farm in Oklahoma, decide to pack all of their belongings and make the voyage to California, where there is supposedly so much work that everyone can make a living. But along the way, they readily run into trouble. They have little money, an unreliable vehicle, a truckload of people to feed, and miles to go before they reach their destination. The Joads quickly discover something that becomes a major theme throughout the book cooperating with others to achieve a common goal is sometimes necessary for surviva... ...ss birds banished, their rocky nests turned to river stones(513Ch. 24) each(prenominal) of these novels, although powerful and influential in its own right, contrasts the other greatly in terms of theme. The Joads in The Grapes of Wrath had to rely on others to obtain their goal, while Peekay in The Power of One struggled to find his way in life completely alone. Though each book is very different from the other, each is an emotional story of lifes obstacles and the tremendous human spirit, whether combined or individual, that it takes to overcome them. Sources Courtenay, Bryce. The Power of One. parvenu York Random House, 1989 Levant, Howard. The Fully Matured Art The Grapes of Wrath. John Steinbeck, Modern Critical Views. New York Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. 35-62. Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath. New York Penguin Books, 1978.

The Only Fish I Wanted To Catch :: essays research papers

The Only Fish I Wanted To CatchA champion of astounding warmth enshrouded my mind and body as I blankly stared out on to the choppy lake. I realized that the blinding sun was legitimate to burn me by the end of the day. I was completely clueless as to where the day would take me. At first I was a little apprehensive about climbing into the small rowboat and heading out there for the entire day. What if I didnt make it back? I had never been angle alone. All I craved was to catch the perfect fish. It didnt have to be big or fat, just perfect for me. So I mustered up the courage and took a chance. The last time I had taken a chance I had paid for it dearly. Sarina was the perfect girl, and I was determined to let her hunch over how I felt about her. She didnt make me happy. Happiness was not exactly the emotion she brought out in me. Her presence brought out something within me that was some(prenominal) deeper and more sincere. She was the foundation of my utopia. She had a spec ial quality about her. Most people I know walk around with their souls being held prisoner by their bodies. She was one of those unique people whose body was held captive by her soul. Thirty seconds out of every minute I thought about her. I forever made sure she had everything. It took me six months before I could even tell her how I felt. When I finally told her how I felt she took the news really well, notwithstanding I knew she wasnt interested. After telling me that our friendship was too close for us to get involved romantically, I swept up the pieces of my shattered heart, designate them in my pocket and walked away. I had her snagged on my hook but she threw it. I used kindness, and patience, and she used me. I gave her everything she asked of me. She took the bait and ran. She avoided me at all costs for the bordering two months. Suddenly, I was at the mercy of the wide-open water of my misery, and was fearful of drowning. Had I been coerced into believing we were best friends? We squandered for hours and hours resolving each others personal dilemmas. We called each other religiously on the phone when we were apart.

Computer Hackers: The Whos, Whats, Whens, Wheres, Whys and Hows. :: Essays Papers

Computer Hackers The Whos, Whats, Whens, Wheres, Whys and Hows.After coming home from a long daylight at school, I turn on my computer and go to the internet to see Whats New Then all of a sudden I hear, Youve Got send out I check my e-mail and its a message from my friend in Alabama. It is warning me about a computer virus that is being spread, and that I should remain out. Thank goodness someone warned me about this. I said to myself, This kind of stuff must be the work of those hackers that I hear so oft about. But what exactly is a hacker, and what are they out to do?Hackers are people who are getting into our computer systems, destroying our personal property and stealing our information. age ago, a hacker was a person who was capable of creating elegant and or unusual uses of technology. These days, a hacker refers to a person who attempts to penetrate security systems on remote computers (Hackers 2). Not only are computer hackers causing many problems for businesses, th ey are also causing many problems for the average person. Hackers get in personal information and get a hold of credit card numbers, various banking accounts and financial information, and just about anything else they want to know about you. They are waiver to get it whether you like it or not. Hacking, with the intent to steal or deface, is so feared in the corporate world that companies have spent $1.8 billion this year solely on computer network security products and services (Home Hackers 1). Cracking of home computers has been rare, but it is always a growing concern. Any machine connected to the Internet is potentially vulnerable, but the best targets are those with high-speed, always on connectors, such as cable modems or digital subscriber lines. Systems with high-speed connections are typically targeted because they are the simplest to track down. People have to realize that hacking is not a prank or a game, especially when hackers are hitting such spot as the White Hous e site, the FBI site and the Senate site. The fines and jail time for these hackers are not very funny either. Arrests are being made and punishments can be up to life in prison and thousands, and in some cases millions of dollars in fines. When you think of hackers, you probably think of someone who is a little older, someone whos business is working with computers.

Computer Hackers: The Whos, Whats, Whens, Wheres, Whys and Hows. :: Essays Papers

Computer Hackers The Whos, Whats, Whens, Wheres, Whys and Hows.After coming home from a long day at school, I go on my computer and go to the Internet to see Whats New Then all of a sudden I hear, Youve Got Mail I check my e-mail and its a message from my friend in Alabama. It is warning me about a computer virus that is being spread, and that I should watch out. Thank goodness mortal warned me about this. I said to myself, This kind of stuff must be the work of those hackers that I hear so much about. But what exactly is a hacker, and what are they out to do?Hackers are people who are getting into our computer systems, destroying our personal property and stealing our information. Years ago, a hacker was a person who was capable of creating elegant and or unusual uses of technology. These days, a hacker refers to a person who attempts to penetrate security systems on remote computers (Hackers 2). Not scarce are computer hackers causing many problems for businesses, they are also causing many problems for the average person. Hackers get in personal information and get a hold of credit card numbers, various banking accounts and financial information, and just about anything else they want to know about you. They are going to get it whether you like it or not. Hacking, with the intent to steal or deface, is so feared in the corporate world that companies have spent $1.8 billion this year alone on computer interlocking security products and services (Home Hackers 1). Cracking of home computers has been rare, but it is always a growing concern. Any machine connected to the Internet is potentially vulnerable, but the better targets are those with high-speed, always on connectors, such as cable modems or digital subscriber lines. Systems with high-speed connections are typically targeted because they are the simplest to track down. muckle have to realize that hacking is not a prank or a game, especially when hackers are hitting such spots as the White stick o ut site, the FBI site and the Senate site. The fines and jail time for these hackers are not very funny either. Arrests are being made and punishments can be up to life in prison and thousands, and in some cases millions of dollars in fines. When you think of hackers, you probably think of someone who is a little older, someone whos profession is working with computers.

Julia Serano, Whipping Girl Book Review

I found this book as disturbing but yet inspiring as well. This book is about a transsexual male to female. Transsexual is a person who has undergone a sex change operation whose sexual identification is entirely with the opposite sex. I could evidence that the book is disturbing because as I go through words and sentences, images clench showing up in my head. He was discriminated because of his change of sex and his sort (girly boy). Being discriminated didnt let him to keep being all sad and sorrow.He stopped himself for being let down by people around him. He really is a brave man for writing the book. In this book, he writes about his experience and his come upings. I could not imagine if I was he. I could not imagine what does it feels the like to be in his shoe. After reading the book, I was inspired by him. I think that people pauperisation to stop judge and stop discriminating. Everyone either transsexual or normal, we need to be treated the same way. Transsexuals are human too.They have feelings and thoughts. They could be hurt just like the normal people. Normal people dont have the estimables to bully just because they think that they are more superior to people like them and try to make them feel like they are the outsiders and make them feel inferior. I did some research and found this video on YouTube. The video is about a transsexual woman, Samantha Lauzon. I think he is the first transsexual ever who has to courage to finally speak out about he life.On the video Samantha Lauzon said that he didnt understand his body and thoughts and Samantha Lauzon didnt know what he was doing. As a child he got bullied and attempted suicide. But finally he realized that he was do by and he finally realizes the need to change in order for him to be happy. And it is true that as time goes by, it gets better. All the things that happened are really sick and sad. pot need to know about them and how they feel. Its peoples job to try to understand transsexu als either from male to female or female to male.It is their job to cook themselves. Ending your life is never the answer. Suicide is the permanent answer or solution to a temporary problem. No weigh who we are and no matter what we have accumulated and accomplished and what the position are we in our lives, one thing that we need to know and is certain you will die and only graven image knows when. In other words, suicide is really a bad way to solve a problem. One thing that people need to know is we need to be realistic and true to ourselves.There will always be people who judge us for one thing or another. We are lavish or poor or tall or short or fat or thin. What matters is our own self-image. How we see ourselves is what matters no matter what gender you are. To keep a healthy outlook and know that no matter what anyone says you were in fact meant to be here on this earth right now right here just the way you are. Trans, Gay,? Bi or anything. What makes you different make s you special believe that and pass it on the other people.

The Human Impacts of Tectonic Landforms and Hazards

Even today there be people who do not understand why or where tectonic activity takes place. Tectonic activity does not only take place at plate boundaries intra-plate earthquakes, e.g. Bam, Iran. This leads people to think it wont happen to them.The growing world has fewer resources or expertise to study the graphic environment (or human environment) methods to identify areas at risk may not exist (e.g. poorer levels of education), in particular if the area is not very active.Read this Ch. 22 Respiratory SystemPompeii a classic case of ignorance to disaster. The lack of an eruption in living recollection led legion(predicate) to believe that Vesuvius was dormant. In 79AD there was no expectation of an eruption people were caught completely unaware. At the time, the science was not understood many believed the eruption, and preceding earth tremors were the gods anger.ChoiceSome people know the risks, but lack financial resources, or have close links to family in the area , and are therefore unable/unwilling to move. Other choose to stay, as the benefits surpass the costs, e.g. Southern California well paid jobs and a pleasant climate outweigh concerns over earthquake risk.The benefits of tectonically active areasMinerals and natural resources volcanoes bring valuable resources to the surface of the earth, e.g. Diamonds, copper, gold. Seafloor volcanoes contribute to the accumulation of metals, e.g. zinc, lead mining industries.Fertile soils volcanic material breaks subdue done weathering to provide nutrients (minerals) for plant growth.Geothermal energy.Tourism and associated employment, e.g. hotels, transport, tour guides.Heat and pressure turn organic matter into deposits of oil and gas.Impacts on people and possessionsThe inclementness of the impacts depends on physical factors (e.g. event profiles, geology, terrain) and human factors (e.g. population density).Physical impacts on peopleDamage/destruction of property and base of operation s.Volcanoes luckily of erupted lava is from underwater volcanoes, much of it along ocean ridges, so the impact is minor. The greatest risk is at destructive plate margins. Most active volcanoes are found in the ontogenesis world, e.g. Latin america, the Caribbean, parts of Asia and the south-west Pacific.Increased urbanisation and population growth concentrates people and infrastructure.Earthquakes the worst earthquakes are not necessarily those with the largest magnitude. The worst impacts are felt in densely populated areas and areas with high vulnerability.Economic impacts on peopleThese can be direct or indirect.Often greater in developed countries than developing countries.Direct impacts include capital goods and equipment destroyed. They can occur immediately, or later as a result of follow-on disability or deterioration.Indirect impacts occur as a result of interruption to commercial systems, lost wages, and lost opportunities to do business.Macroeconomic impacts are felt across the whole economy of the community, region, or in the worst case the whole nation.The Northridge earthquake (California, 1994) 60 deaths but US$30 billion in economic impact, as it hit dense infrastructure in the San Fernando Valley.Social impacts on peopleHuman life is irreplaceable.Volcanoes most impact on human life is due to pyroclastic flows or lahars (e.g. Nevado del Ruiz).Earthquakes tsunamis are particularly terrifying. The 1883 Krakatau eruption triggered tsunamis that killed 36 000 and destroyed 165 coastal villages.The impact on human life is usually greater from earthquakes than from volcanic eruptions.Primary casualties those killed/injured right off by the event. Usually greater in developing countries than developed.Secondary casualties those that survive the event itself but die/are injured due to insufficient resources or lack of medical care. Again, usually greater in developing countries than developed.Tertiary casualties those with pre-existing med ical conditions that are aggravated by the event. Includes those who become ill/die. For example, through disease contracted in the post-disaster environment. In developing countries, these are often the largest group of casualties.Poverty reduces the capacity to reduce the impacts, or to recover.Environmental degradation reduces natural impact buffers, e.g. mangrove removal (Indian Ocean, 2004), and therefore contributes to delaying recovery time.Note to more accurately compare the impacts in developed and developing countries, it is better to use damage cost as a % of GDP, as developed countries have more infrastructure, etc., to be damaged. The absolute costs may be lower in a developing country, but the relative costs (as a % of GDP) are likely to be much higher.

Happiest Day of My Life Essay

I was excited to the nerve that my father was finally in town and even more when he advised me that he has been given free tickets to the fifa world cup finals 2010 between Spain and Netherlands . i was absolutely thrilled to hear this from him. I am a huge Spain lover as I absolutely adore the club. I was very keyed up about watching Fabregas , David Villa and of course Torres in person as I am a big fan of these players. We took the flight to Johannesburg just the next morning as we had planned. We reached the marvelous place which looked even more marvelous during this FIFA season.We determined to tour the city and went to the nearest shopping mall Oriental Plaza. While on the way to the place my father informed me that this was the city where Mahatama Gandhi stayed 100 geezerhood ago. The mall was so named because it gives a taste of the orient in Africa. After this we headed to the stadium. My graduation exercise impression when I arrived at the stadium was one of awe. A re turn of people outside the stadium appeared to be singing. I purchased a vuvuzela, got the Spanish flag painted on my face and then proceeded into the stadium and found my stead and felt content I had a good enough view of the pitch.The time for the match came and I grew extremely enthusiastic. The match had a large telephone number of fouls, with both the teams playing equally rough. So much that although the goal scores remained 0-0, the yellow card scores kept raising. The match referee Howard Webb of England had a toughie time and the final count was 14 yellow and 1 red card, Netherlands winning here 8-5. The score was 0-0 for the entire 90 scraps of the game and the first 30 minutes extra time as well, with Spain having 57% ball possession and 18 shots with 8 of them on target.Netherlands had 43% possession and 13 ingrained shots with 5 on target. The bookings continued after the break . The dutch had a glorious chance to take the lead in the second half alone Arjen Robbe n, comfortably his teams strongest attacking weapon, could find no way past Spain sea captain Iker Casillas. I was at the edge of my seat when in the 116th minute Cesc Fabregass pass to the young midfielder Iniesta who struck it into the net making their captain and goal keeper Iker Casillas drop to the floor and cry out tears of gladness after the final whistle.This made Spain the first team to win a World Cup after losing their opening game of the tournament. And once again the German octopus Paul Allens predictions came true. Then Spain was honoured with the 6. 175kg gold trophy. The Man of the Match was obvoiusly awarded to Andres Iniesta it was followed by a loud roar. And the prestigious Golden Glove Award to their captain and goalkeeper Iker Casillas. The Golden Shoe Award as well as the Best Young Player Award was given to Thomas Mueller of Germany and the Golden oaf was awarded to Diego Forlan of Uruguay.

Conscious Efforts Equate to Saving Lives

Livery nag driver killings the ch tout ensembleenge that overbold York City had to combat and a situation that allowed authorities to prove that they were doing their job. The killing of speech cabriolet drivers was a time that united the people of New York (Rashbaum, 2000).Livery cab driver killings had been a major problem in New York for over 30 years. Every year, policemen and the government had to deal with countless investigations to provide justice for dozens of killed drivers each year. Not only were the dyspeptic cab drivers killed they were also robbed (Rashbaum, 2000). The people who had enough means and power to do something about it, exchange fit the government and the New York State Federation of Taxi Drivers, did something about it, and here are as followsThe New York State Federation of Taxi Drivers led by Fernando A. Mateo employed several safety measures to reduce manner of speaking cab driver killings. Mateo and his subordinates obliged all manner of sp eaking cab drivers to raise bulletproof partitions inside the livery cabs. Because of this, the livery cab drivers were divided into parts where the livery cab driver was cherished from his rider who may have been a potential robber or murderer, through a wall or divider. While the wall or divider, or what the coalition technically terms as partition, merchant ship hold open robbery, it obviously may not keep the livery cab drivers from murder at all since bullets can pass through walls. This possibility was a major concern of the New York State Federation of Taxi Drivers.To counterattack what was left of the problem, the federation legitimate livery cab drivers to use bulletproof partitions. Bulletproof material prevented the livery cab drivers from getting shot. To further make this protective measure effective, livery cab drivers were ordered to close the partitions all the time. While it was true bulletproof material was used as a shield from gun shots and other means of killing, these partitions still do a driver susceptible to killing once it is left open.The use of surveillance cameras was also ordered by the city and the federation. Through this, a livery cab driver was given the chance to put another eye at the passengers area. The driver can readily see the potential harms a passenger may do even before he does it. A passenger, for example, who releases a gun from his bag, will be readily seen by the driver. The time the potential murderer is releasing a gun is also the time a driver can call the police or employ other preventive measures to protect his own life.That time, either time a driver became suspicious of a passenger, he can readily report it to the policemen who were monitoring him through a mystical alarm system. The citys mayor, Rudolph W. Giuliani, showed his support for these safety measures by providing each livery cab driver with enough financial assistance. The city released $5 million worth of fortress equipment.Each live ry cab driver in New York City was given $325. This amount of money served as an assistance to pay for the needed equipment like partitions and bulletproofing. Surveillance cameras cost $700. This means that the city paid for half the total expense of a driver for one surveillance camera. If a driver chose to put up a partition inside his livery cab, then he may put up one which cost $275 on the average.The city, together with the New York State Federation of Taxi Drivers, employed other preventive and protective measures without the use of material things. The city revised its law regarding the punishment for liver cab driver killers and robbers. Tougher sanction was applied in which another two to three years were added to the years a convict will have to spend in jail.Police decoy was also widely used. This was another preventive and protective measure to investigate murder and robbery cases more cost-efficiently. With the use of police decoy, an military officer pretended to b e a livery cab driver. He went around the neighborhood to get passengers and picked up their fares. This was an effective step since robbery and murder bring down from 2,000 to 455 cases. The efficient investigation allowed for this impressive change in the statistics.Aside from police decoys who served as patrols, protection was maximized especially when livery cab drivers were required to stop at areas where there were police officers. These officers obliged drivers to pull over to see their current condition. The police officers ensure the safety and protection of drivers by checking the passengers. Police officers were able to prevent 50 possible livery cab driver killings by spotting 50 passengers with guns.Such intense conscious effort caused very pronounced conquest than expected. Before 2000, no single year has passed without dozens of livery cab drivers being killed. When these aforementioned measures were employed, the year came when no single case of livery cab driver k illing or robbery was reported. With this change in statistics, the New York State Federation of Taxi Drivers and the government of New York City proved that with efficient action, achieving a goal becomes possible.Because of this, the federation and the city became more inspired with employing more measures to totally alleviate killings so that such victory wont last for only a year. To maintain positive changes, the federation and the government worked hand in hand to put up tracking systems for the drivers. This way, the drivers were always monitored. The police tracked down the whereabouts of every livery cab driver. Adolfo Carrion, Jr., New York Citys councilman, was willing to co-sponsor this to further improve livery cab driver killings.In 2000, statistics dramatically changed from drastic to impressive when it comes to cases of killings. Every livery cab driver did not just begin to feel safer and more secured with his job his children and wife patiently waiting at home wer e finally able to sleep soundly at night. All they needed to wait for was a goodnight kiss from their father.ReferencesMichaelluo. (2004). Police Measures Avert Livery Cab Killings. New York Times. RetrievedDecember 1, 2007, from http//www.nytimes.com/2004/02/07/nyregion/07livery.html?ei=5007&en=f4b0e5806c7261c&ex=1391576400&adxnnl=1&partner=USERLAND&adxnnlx=11143479799ScWbxozk+DIlE+9e5ddSRashbaum, W. K. (2000). After Deaths, City Plans Millions for Livery Cab Safety. TheNew York Times. Retrieved December 1, 2007 fromhttp//query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950CE2DA1631F936A25757C0A9669C8B63

Psychological Effects of Technology Addiction Essay

Technology is winning over all aspects of life. Education, work and leisure are all becoming more and more dependent on being able to interact with technology. But what of the academic or career prospects of those who do not want to interact with this technology? onward winning this English 305 class, I tried to avoid computers as much as possible. I didnt nominate any interest in cyberspace such as chatting, email, and sex swapping. Through this class, I had a chance to contact others through cyberspace. However, I still welcome a fear of computers. I obdurate that I want to know more about computers and cyberspace. I will first discuss cyberspace, then I will discuss about technophobia. Its easy known that people say and do things in cyberspace that they wouldnt ordinarily say or do in the face-to-face world. The virtual world is sort of different from the real world. People cant see a mortal in cyberspace. People cant see a persons facial expressions and body languag e.The pennyripetal experience of encountering others in cyberspace-seeing, hearing, and combining seeing and hearing is limited. For the most part, people communicate through typed language. In cyberspace, people will probably never be able to physically interact with each other. There are no handshakes, pats on the back, hugs, or kisses. The limited sensory(prenominal) experiences of cyberspace abide near(a) substantial disadvantages- as head as some unique advantages as compared to in-person encounters. Since communicating only with typed text, people gift the option of being themselves, expressing only part of their identity, assuming imaginative identities, or remaining completely anonymous. Anonymity has a disinhibiting effect that cuts two ways. Sometimes people use it to act out some unpleasant need or emotion, often by abusing other people. Anonymity also allows them to be honest and open about some ad hominemised egression that they could not discuss in a face-to -face encounter. Sitting quiet and staring at the computer monitor can bring a person to an altered state of cognizance. Some people experience a blending of their mind with that of the other person. Some people experience a state of spirit that resembles dreams.These altered and dream-like states of consciousness in cyberspace may account for why the Inter clear is so attractive for some people. It might also help exempt some forms of computer and cyberspace addiction. In cyberspace, birds of a feather easily can flock together. Support groupsdevoted to helping people with their problems can be a very beneficial feature of cyberspace. For people with antisocial motivations, thats a very negative feature of cyberspace. In most cases, everyone in cyberspace has an mate opportunity to voice his or her opinion. Everyone, regardless of post, wealth, race, sexuality, etc. starts off on a level playing field. Some people call this the terminate democracy. Although ones place in th e outside world ultimately will have some impact on ones life in cyberspace, there is some truth to this net democracy ideal. Now, I want to write about technophobia, which is a resistance to talking about computers or even thinking about computers.Although technology is taking over all aspects of life, there are up to half of the population is technophobic, possessing negative opinions about, or having anxiety towards, information technology such as personal computers. I found a study the book, Technophobia (Mark J. Brosnan). Thirty-seven per cent of the general public subject regularly using a personal computer, a distant higher percentage than mobile phones, electronic organizers, pagers, modems, etc. (MORI, 1996). When the factors of anxiety and attitude, or, more specially, of computer anxiety and computer attitude, are combined, the concept of computer phobia thus begins to emerge. Since I was a technophobic person, I want to know how this psychologically impact peoples li fe. There was an original assumption that technophobia would be a transitory phenomenon, customary amongst older adults who had missed out upon technology in their education.Raubs (1981) untimely study penninged that older people were more anxious than younger people. Other seek indicates that the over fifties are less anxious than the under thirties, suggesting that further from reducing anxiety, computer experience can increase anxiety levels (Brosnan pg. 11). However, Anderson (1981), Elder et al. (1987) and Igbaria and Parasuraman (1989) have all found that age has a positive effect upon computer anxiety. As the diffusion of technology throughout many aspects of life has exposed nformer(a) everyone to computerization, the relationship between anxiety, age and experience has become less clear. The only clear relationship between age and computer anxiety would therefore come on to be with respect to ones age when first interacting with a computer. I found a very interesting study, which shows the difference of psychological impact between virile and fe young-begetting(prenominal). Just as technophobia has been reported as affecting more females than males, computer addiction has beenfound to be almost exclusively a male phenomenon (Shotton, 1989). Brosnan (1995) identify that in a student population, male students first interaction with computers occurred operatively earlier than female students first interaction with computers.This is significant as Todman and Monaghan (1994) report that early use of computers is associated with more favourable quality of initial experience, which leads to lower anxiety and greater readiness to use computers. A large number of studies found that females report higher levels of computer anxiety than males (it is maybe not true because of my English teacher). A smaller number of studies report no sex differences in computer anxiety. For example, Anderson (1981) found that males and females did not differ in their leve ls of anxiety, either before or after a computer literacy course. Temple and Lips (1989) found male students to have taken more computer science course and to be more likely to want to choose it as their major than female students. In conclusion, the findings regarding gender differences in technophobia have not been consistent. Conclusion Whether we refer to the second industrial revolution or the digital revolution there can be scant(p) doubt that computer technology will play an ever-increasing role within our domestic, leisure and work environments.For the technophobe, this can only mean an increase in the effectiveness sources of anxiety. Through this search, I could find a few things. First, by studying technophobia the full extent of the phenomenon has become apparent. With surveys revealing technophobia in up to 50 per cent of many populations, feelings of computer-related anxiety cannot be dismissed or marginalized. Indeed the sheer numbers of technophobes provide the co mmercial motivation for continued user-friendliness in hardware and bundle design. The huge preponderance of technophobia can in itself be empowering, such that an individual does not have to internalize feelings to personal inadequacies. Second, I found that much explore has highlighted that feelings are transitory and that sex differences in computer-related attainment can be eradicated when recasting the computer-based task as appropriate for females. The literature on sex differences has been use to emphasize the role of these influences. Technophobia is a legitimate response to technology.Technology is taking over all aspects of life. Education, work and leisure are all becoming increasingly dependent on being able to interact with technology. But whatof the academic or career prospects of those who do not want to interact with this technology? beforehand taking this English 305 class, I tried to avoid computers as much as possible. I didnt have any interest in cyberspace s uch as chatting, email, and gender swapping. Through this class, I had a chance to contact others through cyberspace. However, I still have a fear of computers. I resolved that I want to know more about computers and cyberspace. I will first discuss cyberspace, then I will discuss about technophobia. Its well known that people say and do things in cyberspace that they wouldnt ordinarily say or do in the face-to-face world. The virtual world is rather different from the real world. People cant see a person in cyberspace. People cant see a persons facial expressions and body language. The sensory experience of encountering others in cyberspace-seeing, hearing, and combining seeing and hearing is limited.For the most part, people communicate through typed language. In cyberspace, people will probably never be able to physically interact with each other. There are no handshakes, pats on the back, hugs, or kisses. The limited sensory experiences of cyberspace have some significant disa dvantages- as well as some unique advantages as compared to in-person encounters. Since communicating only with typed text, people have the option of being themselves, expressing only part of their identity, assuming imaginative identities, or remaining completely anonymous. Anonymity has a disinhibiting effect that cuts two ways. Sometimes people use it to act out some unpleasant need or emotion, often by abusing other people. Anonymity also allows them to be honest and open about some personal fare that they could not discuss in a face-to-face encounter. Sitting quiet and staring at the computer monitor can bring a person to an altered state of consciousness. Some people experience a blending of their mind with that of the other person. Some people experience a state of consciousness that resembles dreams.These altered and dream-like states of consciousness in cyberspace may account for why the Internet is so attractive for some people. It might also help explicate some forms of computer and cyberspace addiction. In cyberspace, birds of a feather easily can flock together. Support groups devoted to helping people with their problems can be a very beneficial feature of cyberspace. For people with antisocial motivations, thats a very negative feature of cyberspace. In most cases, everyone in cyberspace hasan bear on opportunity to voice his or her opinion. Everyone, regardless of status, wealth, race, gender, etc. starts off on a level playing field. Some people call this the net democracy. Although ones status in the outside world ultimately will have some impact on ones life in cyberspace, there is some truth to this net democracy ideal. Now, I want to write about technophobia, which is a resistance to talking about computers or even thinking about computers.Although technology is taking over all aspects of life, there are up to half of the population is technophobic, possessing negative opinions about, or having anxiety towards, information technology such as personal computers. I found a study the book, Technophobia (Mark J. Brosnan). Thirty-seven per cent of the general public report regularly using a personal computer, a far higher percentage than mobile phones, electronic organizers, pagers, modems, etc. (MORI, 1996). When the factors of anxiety and attitude, or, more specially, of computer anxiety and computer attitude, are combined, the concept of computer phobia thusly begins to emerge. Since I was a technophobic person, I want to know how this psychologically impact peoples life. There was an original assumption that technophobia would be a transitory phenomenon, honey oil amongst older adults who had missed out upon technology in their education.Raubs (1981) early study reported that older people were more anxious than younger people. Other question indicates that the over fifties are less anxious than the under thirties, suggesting that far from reducing anxiety, computer experience can increase anxiety levels (Brosn an pg. 11). However, Anderson (1981), Elder et al. (1987) and Igbaria and Parasuraman (1989) have all found that age has a positive effect upon computer anxiety. As the diffusion of technology throughout many aspects of life has exposed near everyone to computerization, the relationship between anxiety, age and experience has become less clear. The only clear relationship between age and computer anxiety would therefore take care to be with respect to ones age when first interacting with a computer.I found a very interesting study, which shows the difference of psychological impact between male and female. Just as technophobia has been reported as affecting more females than males, computer addiction has been found to be almost exclusively a male phenomenon (Shotton, 1989). Brosnan (1995) set that in a student population, male students first interaction with computers occurred significantly earlier than femalestudents first interaction with computers. This is significant as Todma n and Monaghan (1994) report that early use of computers is associated with more favourable quality of initial experience, which leads to lower anxiety and greater readiness to use computers. A large number of studies found that females report higher levels of computer anxiety than males (it is maybe not true because of my English teacher). A smaller number of studies report no sex differences in computer anxiety.For example, Anderson (1981) found that males and females did not differ in their levels of anxiety, either before or after a computer literacy course. Temple and Lips (1989) found male students to have taken more computer science course and to be more likely to want to choose it as their major than female students. In conclusion, the findings regarding gender differences in technophobia have not been consistent. Conclusion Whether we refer to the second industrial revolution or the digital revolution there can be secondary doubt that computer technology will play an ever- increasing role within our domestic, leisure and work environments. For the technophobe, this can only mean an increase in the potential drop sources of anxiety. Through this research, I could find a few things.First, by studying technophobia the full extent of the phenomenon has become apparent. With surveys revealing technophobia in up to 50 per cent of many populations, feelings of computer-related anxiety cannot be dismissed or marginalized. Indeed the sheer numbers of technophobes provide the commercial motivation for continued user-friendliness in hardware and software design. The huge preponderance of technophobia can in itself be empowering, such that an individual does not have to internalize feelings to personal inadequacies. Second, I found that much research has highlighted that feelings are transitory and that sex differences in computer-related attainment can be eradicated when recasting the computer-based task as appropriate for females. The literature on sex differe nces has been utilise to emphasize the role of these influences. Technophobia is a legitimate response to technology.

The Hurricane

The Hurricane (Viewing Task) How well does the composer hu globe beingipulate the audience to recall that Rubin Carter was wrongly accused establish on racial discrimination (1000-1500 words) There argon many ways the composer of the 1999 picture show The Hurricane sets the audience to believe that Rubin Carter was wrongly accused found on racial discrimination. The keyst atomic number 53 ways in which the composer does this is through the structure of the picture show and the use of techniques such as non-linear structure and foreshadowing.This movie is about an African American man who is faced with many complications all over the course of his life including being wrongly accused of killing three people which led to life imprisonment. The composer localises the befooler of the movie The Hurricane to believe that Rubin Carter played by Denzil Washington was wrongly accused based on Racial discrimination. This is ingeniously done with the real Rubin Carter playing a key role in providing all the voice overs and having a strong influence in how the movie is directed and seen.Characterisation as well plays a key role in the way the composer manipulates the audience to believe that Rubin Carter was wrongly accused based on racial discrimination. This is achieved by showing and Rubins side of the story and delineation him as being treated completely unfairly and unjustly which is completely biased. The composer is also able to manipulate the audience through his dispositionisation of the prison lag and police officers in the movie.They are portrayed as being mishandle and this is shown through dialogue such as the scene when one of the victims of a injure is on his death bed and is asked by the police officers to identify whether or not Rubin was the man who shot him. When the man replies no, the police officer seriously asks Sir look closer, are you sure these arent the men? as if to intimidate the victim into identifying Rubin as the perpetr ator.The police officer is then portrayed to be racist as he goes on to say Im going to take you black ass down which contributes greatly to the perception that the police officer is corrupt and that Rubin Carter was wrongly accused based on racial discrimination. The movie depicts the opposing legal team that are battling for Carter to be kept in jail as very racist. They constantly refer to Carter with a virtuoso of disgust because he is an African American. The use of these techniques only add weight to the views of Rubin Carter which in turn makes the movie completely bias and anipulates the audience to believe that Rubins side is truthful and correct and that he was genuinely a victim of racial discrimination. Non-Linear structure also contributes to the way the composer effectively manipulates the audience to believe that Rubin Carter was wrongly accused based on racial discrimination. Non-linear structure is where effects such as flash backs are used which in turn means that not all events that take place in the movie are in chronological order which creates the sense that something is hidden Isabella Moro Monday, 3 declination 2012 15518 PM AET r not yet revealed to place the viewer in a position where they are able to fill in the gaps. The use of non-linear structure is present through the whole movie but the main focus is on one particular scene where Rubin is arrested shortly after gun shots were fired. More and more of these scenes are revealed over the course of the movie persuading the audience that Rubin is artless because the flash backs (especially those in black and white) are portrayed as being completely factual and non-bias.However, what we have to remember is that the story is still being told from Rubin Carters point of view and therefore the accuracy of the flash backs are un-reliable. By using non-linear structure, the composer has been able to subtly and successfully persuade the audience that the story is factual and has therefor e achieved to manipulate their views. Non-Linear structure is a key way that the composer successfully manipulates the audience to believe that Rubin Carter was wrongly accused based on racial discrimination.Another technique used over the course of The Hurricane is foreshadowing, this technique is also a very effective technique used by the composer to manipulate the audience into believing that Rubin Carter was wrongly accused based on racial discrimination. Foreshadowing shows the pretend up of something significant such as a key event or a change in a characters attitude or core beliefs. Foreshadowing is shown in particular over the course of the movie when Rubin Carter is in jail.There is a build up over time showing the different feelings Rubin went through, from being depressed and showing a lot of anger towards everyone, to a complete change of character when he met Lezra and his three other Canadian friends. Rubin is then put in a position where he has to choose between w hether or not to trust these white people to help him, or if he is just going to go back to his shorttempered, depressed self. This is a significant part of the movie as all other events shown so far lead up to this decision.After deep thought and a mental battle Ruben decides to choose to fight for his freedom as he knows he has been unlawfully imprisoned due to racism. The use of foreshadowing in this instance tries to portray Rubin Carter as a tortured victim of racial discrimination. The use of foreshadowing in this movie is a key technique the composer uses to successfully manipulate the audience to believe that Rubin Hurricane Carter was wrongly accused of murdering three innocent people due to a decision solely based on his race.In conclusion, the movie The Hurricane is not a reliable representation of the events that led to the imprisonment of Rubin Hurricane Carter and is in fact a bias depiction of the real life events told from the point of view of Rubin Carter himself. The movie expresses his views on how he was unfairly accused of murder because of his race. through and through the use of characterisation, non-linear structure and foreshadowing the composer is able to manipulate and effectively convince the audience that Rubin Carter was wrongly jailed based on racial discrimination. The Hurricane (Viewing Task) Isabella Moro Monday, 3 December 2012 15518 PM AETThe HurricaneThe film The Hurricane directed by Norman Jewison claims to accurately depict the life of injustice suffered by middleweight champion Rubin Hurricane Carter. The theatre director uses casting, characterisation, lighting and music in order to convince the audience of Carters purity. Jewison uses evidence, in some cases false, to manipulate the audience into believing that the Hurricane is and always has been an innocent man. This clever manipulation is clearly evident in his casting and delineation choices of Lezra to emotionally vest audiences into his journey alongside Rub in Carters.This technique is also used to create and ameliorate the other cast members to guide viewers thoughts and opinions as the director wishes. Furthermore, the lighting and music are blatantly manoeuvred to garner an emotional reaction from audiences, this is unvarnished in the poignant scenes of Carter as the victim of tragic injustice. Without Jewisons clear bias filmmaking, the audiences would have been left with a different view of Carter. Casting and characterization in the film The Hurricane are utilized to persuade viewers of The Hurricanes innocence.The casting of the characters Rubin Carter, Lezra Martin, Lisa Peters, Sam Chaiton, Terry Swinton and Lt. Jimmy Williams was necessary to create the image of goodness, as we associate attractive people with being good and kind hearted. Athletically appealing actors have been cast in all these roles in order for us to mechanically assume them to be good. However, Det. Sgt. Della Pesca and the Prison Warden (the major vill ains) are cast as old, overweight, balding men to assure us of their wickedness.By casting Rubin Carter as an attractive man the director persuades us into believing in Carters innocence. Furthermore, the character of Lezra Martin is carefully created to work as an audience stand in for the film. This technique is used so Lezra works as our stand in to Carters life. Lezra, like the viewer is new to Carters life and his story, while he learns about Carter, so do the audience, as he grows to love and trust Carter, so do the audience. Like Lezra the viewers become attached and emotionally vested in The Hurricane, so the questioning of his innocence becomes ludicrous to the viewers.The film technique of manipulating the viewers perspective is also found in the use of lighting. The use of lighting in the film The Hurricane positions the viewer into trusting that Hurricane Carter is an innocent man. Jewisons use of lighting to persuade the viewer is evident in an early scene depicting Car ter and Della Pesca facing towards each other, the only light in the frame is on the operating table behind them, so the audience can only see the side on silhouettes of two Rubin Carter and Det. Sgt.Della Pesca but no detail in their faces. In this scene, we see the stark contrast of their profiles, The Hurricanes soft features and Della Pescas pointed and upturned features. This technique which has been used since the clock of ancient Greek theatre is used to depict the proganist , usually the hero, with soft flowing features and the antagonist, usually the villain, with sharp, pointed features. By doing this, Norman Jewison has automatically positioned the audience to see Rubin Carter as a good and innocent man.This sort of positioning is also particularly evident in Jewisons use of music in the film. Norman Jewison emotionally influences the viewer into believing that Carter is innocent through his meticulous use of music in The Hurricane. The audience slowly finds themselves emotionally attached to the story through elusive but effective music. At various points in the film a grave, slow, low, jazz melody plays which always coincides with a scene where the viewers are positioned to believe injustice is shown.When Della Pesca interrogates a young Rubin Carter, when Rubin is brought into the hospital of the victim, during The Hurricanes first trail as well as when Carter is put into solitary confinement by the merciless prison warden. The audience is persuaded into associating this music with injustice, so with the use of this music at the right point, such as when The Hurricane is imprisoned the viewers automatically believe it is injustice, which causes us to feel emotionally effected by this and believe in his innocence.Norman Jewison positions viewers of the film The Hurricane to see Rubin Carter as an innocent man. This is done through casting the promoters role to an aesthetically pleasing man, the casting of the antagonists role to an older, una ttractive man, the characterisation of Lezra Martin, the precise lighting of scenes and the meticulous use of emotion triggering music. Without these manipulative film techniques, viewers would have been left with a different image of Rubin Carter and a greater doubt of his innocence.

Analysis of Client/Consultant Interaction in the Case of Healix Consultancy Essay

Healix Risk valuation, the innovator of Healix Travel Black box an anvanced tool in assessment of medical risk in travel insurance, is planning to plunge the product into spick-and-span mart. As one of their appointed trade consultancy team, we carried out the maket research and sound outd a marketing plan for this project. During the implementation of the project, thither argon two main types of interaction involved that affects outcome of the project intra-group interaction and node/consultant interaction, in which the later will be more focused. found on my experience in this assignment, this pondering report is aimed to express my understanding of the applicability of learnt ideals and theories in node/consultant birth as well as the limitations of the marketing consultancy servicing that we involves in. Key factors that determine a good consultancy project are not only the capability of consultants financial capacity and readiness of clients however also a surd col laboration from both sides and great emphasis on actual results instead of heavy focus on area of work. companionship description The Healix Travel Black Box offers the means for sellers of travel insurance to accurately and efficiently underwrite the increased risk associated to travellers with pre-existing medical conditions. The service is designed to be fully incorporated into the online sales exercisees and integrated into call centre sales processes, which allow customers to declare health conditions on the phone or online without making separate assessment with underwriters or waiting for doctors report.In other words, The Healix Travel Black Box provides a fully automated assessment and rate of medical risk which can be done in a couple of minutes. The Healix Travel Black Box has come as a globose solution to travel insurance industry. The package is available to all regions where the public can directly buy travel incurance. The adoption of this technology is quickly c rack across the globe, such as Australia, New Zealand , Canada, Denmark. And Healix Risk Rating in still on the way to seek new market for this advanced product. synopsis of client/consultant processThe situation in which our marketing consultancy came is when the company wants to efficiently market and launch the new product Black box into new travel insurance markets. This face can be defined as Development stage when client destinys help at early stage of a new program. Early intervention of consultant show signs of consultees insightfulness and openness (Dewayne J. Kurpius, Dale A. Fuqua and Thaddeus Rozecki, 1993). Prior to the marketing plan, our team had to agree on a country of choice to market and sell the Black box.And then, we have to make a market research on that object market based on the following topics (1) market value, (2) existing channels of distribution, (3) consumer buying behaviours, (4) average policy medical benefits and (5) how the handling of pre-exis ting medical conditions is currently dealt with. After obtaining the understanding of the target market, we worked out on problem identification, particularly the feasibility of the Black box launch in the country. Based on the market research, a outlined marketing plan was made prior to any detailed ones that were done later.As a marketing consultancy project done by a marketing consulting team, in that respect are two main interaction factors during the implementation that influence the success of the project intra-group interaction and client/consultant interaction. Intra-group interaction During the implementation, although our team had experienced umpteen difficulties in order to obtain the relevant marketing information related to the topic, most team member is patient and very participative. We did have a effloresce plan to make the report in order to allocate the work to each(prenominal) member fairly.In order to make the job more efficiently, each member is encouraged t o pick the piece(s) of work of his/her favour. Though the work of the some members is not as expected, however it is controlled promptly, thanks to regular meetings and good communication in the midst of team members. Client/Consultant interaction One of the shortcomings for us during the making of marketing plan for Healix is a lack of our understanding regarding the business situation, product festering and financial capacity of the client. It is suggested that insuf? ient understanding of the client is key problem of most poor client-consulting relationships (Ford, 1985). Our limited knowledge regarding the product and business condition of Healix Risk Rating may expose us to risk of mis-identification of the real problem and consequently leading to an inapprorpiate marketing plan. On the other hand, ther is a lack of interaction from the client. The reflective practitioner model (Schon 1983) argues problems have to be identified and solutions must be formulated in collaboratio n between client and consultant.During the knowledge transfer, the situation of the client should be clearly understood by the consultant, then the consultant will help the client reflect and understand the rationale for the clients actions (Schon 1983 as cited in Nikolova, 2007). Clients then must work as reflective practitioners themselves. This reflective communication must be exchanged between client and consultant to assist expertise sharing. (Ibid p. 301). Schon views that Knowing-in-action implies that consultants would apply their knowledge gained from actiivities they have undertaken or situations they have experienced before.But for new and extremely sophisticated problems, the reflection-in-action is proper practice that consultant and clients need for the formulation of innovative solutions. In reflective practitioner model, the interaction between client and consultant is seen as a reflective communication. Schon views both consultants and clients as interdependent. Co nsequently, the relationship between client and consultant improves when expertise sharing and mutual understanding are focused.Client and consultant should closely collaborate during problem solving process to work the best out of their knowledge and experience. The relationship becomes equilibrated as knowledge and help are fairly exchanged. (Schon,1983) Furthermore, several models have been developed to gain expensive knowledge regarding how to improve cooperation between client and consultant. For example, the interpretive model established by Nikolova is to help clients and consultants to gain a better understanding of their interaction (Nikolova, 2007).Nikolova suggests that this model would be useful to explain the complexity of client-consultant relationship. This model emphasizes that clients have to be aware of the changing roles that consultants would play during the different phases of the project. This model was built based on prior generally pass judgment models Expe rt model (OFarrell and Moffat 1991 cited in Nikolova, 2007), critical model and reflective practitioner. It should make consultants and clients highly aware of undiscovered problems through their interactions during consultancy process. jibe to interpretative model, it is too simplistic to consider consultants as experts (expert model), impression managers (critical model), and reflective practitioners (reflective practitioner model). The play role of consultants depends on which context the they are in and which problems infallible to be solved. For this matter of client/consultant relationship, McLachlin (1999) has several suggestions on some aspects that are necessary for a successful consulting project. Consultants must have strict crystalize towards integrity in working for the best interest of clients .Besides, clients must also participate in the project and prepare a readiness to change. It is key that there are specific project requirements and expectations to be met. How ever, the Healix consulting project is more task-focused quite a than based on expectations of the client. Schaffer (2002) also describes the implementation gap, which is the discrepancy between the clients needed solution and the capability of the consultant to create that solution. He suggests that ? ve factors that most likely lead to implementation gap during consulting process (1) consulting projects are de? ned and priced ased on the scope of work to be done by the consultants or the product delivered by the consultant, not in terms of speci? c results to be achieved (2) project scope is focused mainly on the problem identification and solution recommendation with little consideration for the clients capability and readiness to change (3) the quotation aims for a radical solution rather than incremental value (4) The cooperation is more of a sharp division of responsibility between consultant and client rather than a solid collaboration from both sides (5) instead of leverag ed use, the consultancy make labor-intensive use of consultants.Conclusion As generally accepted, the way we as marketing consultants formulate the consulting process will affect the interaction and relationship between the consultant and client and consequently the outcome of the project.Based on multiple generally accepted empirical studies and models, it is suggested that consulting will produce good results if possessing the following success factors Highly capable consultants Great emphasis on client results/ satisfaction Willingness from both sides for strong collaboration Visible executive support A solution adaptation that fits client capability and readiness A full understanding of the clients business environment.I understand that consulting approaches have to be customized based on out marketing expertise, thorough understanding of the clients situation, intensive market research on the target market as well as an highly applicable marketing plan . Besides, the costs and benefits of client and consultant should be aligned by defining critical results with clear and measurable short-term goals. Therefore, we admit that our proposed marketing plan to Healix Risk Rating is very preminlinary and subjective ascribable to the simplification of the scope of work and lack of interaction from the client.

Leading and motivating a team Essay

Leading and motivating a squad effectively and understanding attractionship .. is registered charity providing social housing. Its vision is homes and neighbourhoods we can be all proud of. They put customers first, keeping a strong financially viable, socially responsible, well governed business which is discipline and growing achieving continuous improvements while obtaining value for m cardinaly. My police squad Sustainment and Support(S&S) provides pledge, advice and avail to customers who are vulnerable or in need. We success profusey sustained tenancies and communities for tenants and will give them a curriculum to address other challenging issues and circumstances within their lives. The service is tailored to the individuals support demand, which is identified by the initial assessment. The support incorporates an action plan which is reviewed regularly to make sure as shooting the actions are being met. The some important characteristics of a fortunate organisati ons is the clarity of purpose, adherence to core values, a distinct identity and a clear vision of the aim of the organisation.A good vision keeps the organisation moving forward and is a good motivator for the staff to achieve the set goals. All teams within the housing directorate ready set goals and like the S&S team these hold in to be achieved. Without goals there would be no direction for the staff to achieve and participating in making the organisation successful. These targets and achievements are discussed at one to ones, and team meetings so team members are aware of how their exertion contri providedes to the overall targets set at strategic level to achieve success overall. Other options available are away days, global emails to staff and root sessions. Not everyone likes to be communicated the same way. Email and literature works for some, but others would rather listen and talk. remark the person youre trying to communicate with and use the system they prefer. Cle ar communication and understanding is ingrained giving you the ability to deal with any issues or concerns that the staff have effectively and quickly. High acting teams will have clear understanding of roles and right ack in a flashledges the objectives, functions appropriately while dealing out the required task. supervise performance and regular 1-1s will indicate areas which require addressing, while allowing the team to be open and open about what works and doesnt and encouraging them to providefeedback will limn areas of strength and ways to improve. Receiving support and guidance from senior passenger cars will compound your own capabilities to lead the team UNDERSTANDING LEADERSHIPS STYLES Kurt Lewin (phycologist) researched and created a sticker Lewins leading Styles putting them in 3 categories .Authoritarian provide clear expectations for what needs to be done, when it should be done, and how it should be done. Participative- offer guidance to group members, bu t they likewise participate in the group and allow commentary from other group members. And delegation -offers small or no guidance to group members and leave decision-making up to group members. A leader needs to analyse personal abilities, the group and the accompaniment, then select the top hat leadership style. A leader who chooses the most appropriate style and has the ability to adapt is likely to be successful.There are many factors which could influence choice, size, skill, experiences and knowledge, individuals with different personalities and backgrounds. Large teams may have staff with variable levels of skill. This may require the manager to adopt a to a greater extent authoritarian style, providing clear communication so that everyone knows what to do to achieve goals and tasks. On the other hand, team leaders may take a more participative approach with other managers of equal standing in order to get their own team cognitive fulfill efficiently.The delegating l eadership style is thought to be most effective when the followers are pleasant taking responsibility, and have the experience to accomplish the necessary tasks. The leader provides guidance in the decision making process then delegates. Paul Hersey and Kenneth Blanchard were the first to describe the delegating leadership style and recommend that the leader move around the task maintenance grid with a specific situation. Group maturity is a measure of group increment and development High alimony and Low toilHigh Maintenance and High TaskLow Maintenance and Low TaskLow Maintenance and High TaskLow task behaviour providing directionHighAuthoritative caution styles, which make expectations clear. These styles allow for little input or innovation from subordinates and may breed resentment, which can result in subordinates disengaging from the geological formations vision and lead to lower productivity levels. A leadership style that has significant positive effect on subordinat es requires cultivation. It is as important to know the people on your team as it is to know your organizations vision and policies, take time to learn about their families and hobbies. Developing your knowledge will enhance your noteability, and getting to know your team will create camaraderie and mutual trust. Willingness to listen, flexibility and mutual respect are, crucial to developing a leadership style likely to produce the coveted effects of heights productivity, flexibility, innovation and loyalty on subordinates.Self assessment survey carried out as part of my ILM learning indicated scores of 34 participative (democratic) ,28 authoritarian(autocratic),24 delegation(free reign).During my Housing Diversity Network(HND) mentoring program I completed a more in depth assessment which highlighted my strengths weaknesses and potential leadership qualities sharing the report with my line manager, colleagues and mentor then receiving feedback I reviewed criticism constructively , examined my own skills and develop an action plan to address weaknesss to expand my leadership capabilities ,which included additional training, coaching, mentoring and attending workshops and seminars.Participative leadership is a managerial style I consider to have the attributes to succeed with, this links in with organisations working practices allowing structured teams to empower them selves delivering services which are flexible and filmable while working within the guild lines of the companies policy and procedures.Motivate and developed at teamTo locomote a team to successfully achieve the set goals and to work effectively while maintaining and improving performance I feel the use of Abraham Maslows motivation theory as guidance that will image that the team are kept causeThe basis of this theory is that people are motivated by unsatisfied needs and that certain lower factors need to be satisfied before higher needs can.As long as we are motivated to satisfy these cra vings, then we are moving towards growth and self actualisation. Satisfying needs is healthy while preventing has a negative effect. My Sustainment and Support(S&S) south team was created in mid 2012 bringing together staff with various skills and different personalities. I assisted my manager to help motivate and drive the team forward to be successful in obtaining the objectives of the organisation within this new structure. This included having discussions in team meetings to see if any obstacles would hinder staff from functioning to their full capacity, identifying needs then implementing with team building exercises, which was forefront of the process. Maslows model mirrors this by making sure our working environment and personal needs are met, providing all aspects of safety.Love and belonging created great team spirit and high moral which was required as to the intensive nature of the post, enhancing the teams wellbeing by bringing in Yoga and meditation which created a tea m that functions well and gaining a reputation of successful tenant engagement where others have found it difficult, e.g. Tenant facing court proceedings for rent arrears ,not responding to Income management (IM) but engaging with S & S while we stabilise the tenancy. When these pre court visits were introduced team members initially refused to carry out this task stating it was not part of their job role. it was an IM function, discussions during team meeting about the subject look became heated creating low moral .The following week I explained to the team if we carried out this task, was successful we could show show eggshell the talents of the team to the organisation, talked about the positive effects this would have on our clients and encouraged everyone to take on board , being able to communicate in this fashion proved successful.I supported and motivated a member of the team who I shall refer as C who was not functioning at the correct level and not achieving the teams an d his own individual set goals. I was given this task as part of my own leadership development plus the manager had used all the resources and C was allay not operating teams objectives, this was having an impact on the rest of team as case loads increased. With the threat of disciplinary action and the impact this could have on the team I matte I had experience and knowledge to assist having previously been part of a team which included C for a number of years and was well aware their learning style. I now realise the process I used symbolises two theorymodels working alongside each other Maslows and Hershey and Blanchard situation leadership styleLooking at that model the four headings of Directing, Coaching, Supporting, Delegating I feel covers the method I used to resolve this problem Directing Provide specific instructions clear and impartial while closely supervising task accomplishments Coaching Continues to direct and closely supervise task accomplishments, but also exp lains decisions, solicits suggestions and supports progress Supporting Facilitates and supports subordinates efforts toward task accomplishments and shares responsibility for decision making with them Delegating Turns over responsibility for decision making and problem solving to subordinates.If we look at the Maslow trianglePhysiological In this case study for C there was a lack of confidence, knowledge and understanding Security C felt up threatened in his new role that perhaps he couldnt achieve but now he feels his expertise is being recognised Loving and belonging C initially felt separate that the team had developed quicker than him, with the team being a strong supporting group they also assisted in the process Esteem- self esteem was low but grew as C developedSelf actualisation This is about reaching full potential, where I feel there has been significant salmagundi and is more motivated, there is still more room for development Looking at the actions taken under I do feel that in the process, styles were combined together to achieve a result.Bibliographywww.teambuilding.co.uk/team-building-theory-maslow.htmlILM learning significant

Presentation of Portnoy’s Complaint

Phillip Roths Portnoys Complaint is a part of a cultural movement of the 1960s, a raucous mans story of his sex activityual obsessions, the plight of a son who has been dominated by his smothering mother and attempts to release his anxieties through masturbation. This story became famous overnight, receiving both wide acclaim and contempt. Roth is described as a product of the 1950s, the last decade in recital when education, family values, high culture and high principles were still held in esteemuntil demolished by the sexual and psychedelic revolution that followed.There atomic number 18 notable similarities between Portnoy and Roth himself, and the debate whether the novel is a thinly hide autobiography still ensues among literary critics. A particular type of Jewish humor can be traced to the activities of Portnoy. Such humor, which features so prominently in the novel, has been effectively identified as a separate contour by Sigmund Freud, who wrote that Jewish jokes were usually directed inwards and characterized by profound self-criticism.The protagonist in Portnoys Complaint confesses that his entire life reminds of a Jewish joke, although it is not a joke. Thus, Alex Portnoy seems incapable of escaping any of the downsides of his cultural predicament. Immediately after the book was published, the novel quickly acquired a scandalous flavor, and Roth had to cope with a clustering of newly acquired celebrity which he despised so much. This hymn to self-stimulation and liberation of repressed sexuality got reflected in both social sciences and popular culture of Roths era. Shades of Portnoy can be seen in oaken Allens films.Portnoys Complaint was attacked multiple times by the Jewish community for ridiculing their culture and heritage. Norman Podhoretz and Peter Shaw used their positions as editor and associate editor of the conservative Jewish journal, Commentary, to revile at Roths alleged hatred of Jewish history and identity. However, the most scathing vilification of the novel came in 1972 from Irving Howe in an essay titled Philip Roth Reconsidered, who accused the author of Portnoys Complaint of lack of taste, vulgarity and, to a higher place all, homeliness.Despite its central thematic preoccupations, which appear to be embattled Jewishness and masturbation, the novels popularity can be explained by the universalism of the issues author strives to explicate, such as the growth and decay of big cities, the difficulty of reconciling the sex urge and the love urge over time, and the painful need to outgrow ones parents. darn many literary influences can be traced in the novel, by far the greatest and the most consequential is that of Sigmund Freud.The views on Freuds theory of psychoanalysis as expressed by Alex Portnoy are interestingly disputed on the one hand, Freud is often alluded to as a source of wisdom on the other hand, Portnoy seems to implicitly blame Freud for trivializing complex human relationships by h is excessive and exclusive focus on sex. Essentially, the revolt against agnate authority was very characteristic of the decade the hippie culture, hitchhiking, and experiments with mind-altering substances were all manifestations of this revolt.Like many of his contemporaries, Alex struggles for his remedy to be bad, together with the entire generation that won the right to misbehave for their descendants. In this struggle, there were many obstacles Portnoy had to overcome, mostly of internal psychological nature, such as the fear of retribution, especially in the form of castration. It is required to note that Portnoys Complaint is a perfect illustration of the notion that literature cannot be fully understood without immersion into the cultural realities of the age when a certain work was created.Subtly autobiographic, the novel ought to be analyzed based on knowledge of Philip Roths own life and background. Although critics concur that there are notable differences between t he loving and caring family Roth grew up in and oppressive and neurotic parents of Alex Portnoy, beyond logical doubt, Roths experiences with the mainstream American culture and the opposite sex have been reflected in the novel.

2 Body Paragraphs- Journey of the Magi

Journey of the Magi- T. S Eliot Two body paragraphs using PEEAL, including 2/3 good founts This poem, Journey of the magi by T. S Eliot explores the idea that a journey can submit obstacles and challenges. The magi are faced with difficulties, hardships and discomforts such as the hostility from the natural world and humans and sleep deprivation. In the first stanza the line The ways deep and the weather sharp an inverted syntax is used to ensnare emphasis on the sufferings and difficulties of the journey.Along with this line in the first stanza a list of complaints are written, Then the camel workforce cursing and grumbling/ and running away, and wanting their liquor and women,/ and the night-fires going out, and the lack of their shelters, and the cities hostile and the towns unfriendly/ and the villages dirty, and charging superior prices. the use of listing in this stanza conveys to the reader the adversities faced by the animals, men and the magi. Listing creates a accumu lative effect, causing the impact and feel of the complications to increase as the list goes on.An assumption about journeys that can be made from this poem is also that physical journeys lead to personal growth or altered perspectives. The magi at a time they have witnessed the birth of Jesus cannot see anything in the same light anymore. The line in the final stanza I should be glad of another devastation suggests the persona almost looks forward to his eventual death now that he understands that there is life after death. It could also mean that the persona yearns for another permutation or another moment of new understanding. In the last stanza the line but set toss off/This set down.This is an enjambment that places emphasis on the new understanding that the magi have achieved. It is also a syllabic line, which arrests the pace of the poem and forces the reader to stop and pay attention to the message of the persona. A great example showing the change of perspective by th e magi would be at the end of stanza 3, the word choice of these kingdoms and unknown region adds to the magis feelings of separation from the old world order and palaces in stanza 1 compared to the choice of words in stanza 3 places illustrates the idea of a new perception and outlook on life.

The definition of Reinforcement

enchantment the writer of this article gives the definition of reinforcement and some of the measures that would ensure there is reinforcement, she fails to answer the question ab initio asked. The author would have started by giving some of the common characteristics of effective reinforcers such as individualism, mortalalized, frequent, immediate, change and random. It is after this that she would have looked at some of the effective types of reinforcers.However, she does analyze some few types of reinforces such as recognition, appreciation and praise which according to Burden, (2010), are applicable at places of work and in schools. In addition, she fails to heed the ten sample classroom reinforces such as allowing students to participate in different activities, rewarding them for life-threatening performance, and praising them in case they make extra ordinary performances in classroom. Response to Moriah The answer by Moriah has a good start where it defines the term rein forcement as defined in the textbook.She goes ahead and explains how we posterior apply this in real life as teacher. This gives us a good base as it helps us in understanding what reinforcers are and how we can make use of them. According to Burden, (2010), there is a difference between reinforcers and incentives. An incentive is a promise to do something in case the other person achieves a set target. This min answer offers an explanation, which helps us to understand the difference between an incentive and reinforcement.This second answer also offers a list of the ten samples of reinforcers in a classroom. All the samples are reinforcers and this is a clear indication that the author of the article fully understands the difference between reinforcement and incentives. However, even though the author of the article has offered a good explanation of the term reinforcement, she fails to give the characteristics of effective reinforcers, which would assist in better understanding.R eferencesBurden, R. (2010). Classroom Management Creating a Successful K-12 Learning Community. Hoboken, NJ John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Is our behavior is ethical Essay

As gener every last(predicate)(a)y known there atomic number 18 great problematicies concerning this question. The hassle reall(a)y lies in defining the term ethics. Once this has been defined (as jointureing it is possible) adjudicateing the question above is quite an simple. One only has to ask whether a behavior is in accordance with that definition or not. wherefore in this essay I focus on defining ethics, as far as possible.Socrates was the peerless, who first base introduced the concept of estimable philosophy by claiming that his slave boy, whom he had discovered serveually was able to int remnant on his own, should since he was human be treated in a humanitarian way. Many philosophers affirm since the ancient Greek civilization given their congenital views on the question of what ethics is. To get a better grip on this question I think one should first look at the naturals. One philosopher in this category is Nietzsche. He claimed that ethics argon laws created by the abstemious to protect the weak and that these laws are hindering the strong and creative from reaching his/her full potential.This might sound cruel that I think he does have a point. In nature all the weak genes are extinguished due to natural selection, while the righteous laws, which man created, impart save these defective genes and lastly make us weaker, perhaps resulting in our extinction. Ethics is also a major problem when it comes to scientific progress. It is not allowed to do experiments, which is in any way painful, to human beings. This indeed has not been advantageously seen from a scientific point of view. Especially in the field of psychology, where humans are the subjects examined, does the ethical rules make it difficult to carry verboten important experiments. Nietzsche meant that discarding some moral laws and acting more instinctively would be good for mankind in the sense that this would give more space for irrational thinking.On the other extrem e we have those who claim that there are ethical principles, which one should follow no matter the circumstances. Christianity is one such philosophy. The Bible was meant to be a complete ethical constitution with laws or principals applicable to any situation one might come across. These laws and principals are summed up in the Ten Commandments, which are according to the Christians rules e veryone must follow in all situations.Utilitarianism is a third extreme view proposing that the ethical correctness in a behavior should be measured in its consequences, i.e. an action is good if it increases the sum of gratification in the world. There are problem with this perspective, however. App manufacturing this claim as our basic rule of leaf the next question would be how do we know what amount of happiness is ca put ond by a trusted behavior, and how whoremaster we measure it? Since we do not even have a good definition of happiness (it is a very subjective term) this seemingly sim ple rule turns out to be rather complicate and evasive.These three perspectives all seem reasonable when first explained, though serious flaws exist in each perspective. What would the world look like if leaders, in possession of weapons of mass destruction, would act in accordance with their wildcat instincts?Christian rules also appear imperfect when put into an extreme situation. Imagine yourself standing in a street corner suddenly a terrified person runs by, two punts later another out of your mind looking man with a knife raised over his head comes and asks you if you saw in which direction the first man went. Should you tell him the truth? If you are a true Christian you should, since lying is wrong according to the Ten Commandments.The utilitarian perspective seems good since happiness will increase. However, wouldnt this ethically otherwise horrible action such as World War 2? It has after all had many positive effects such as the creation of the United Nations i.e. the long tern effect has increase happiness on the earth. A world ruled according to this principle would also mean an end to all individual rights. If killing someone would make people happy then it would be warrant to execute that individual.Anders Rasmussen, D1099019My conclusion so far is that it is wrong to make ethical laws or principals there will always be situations such as the ones exemplified above where it is not appropriate. I think that ethics is subjective and should remain so, since creating laws will most likely lead to misinterpretations and a more inhuman society. Ethics is after all one of the prime things that makes us human. This though is not to say that we should live in primitive anarchy, people that obviously do harm to mankind should be punished. I believe in rules as long as they dont take away the individual responsibility.Accepting that ethics is something each individual has to take into consideration in each situation the next issue would be what tools are we in possession of when deciding the ethical correctness in a certain behavior, and more importantly, what tools should we use?John Stuart mill, a famous utilitarian, claimed that it is through reason, and reason only, that one should decide what to do. Using logical reason one should derive as many consequences as possible and measure the happiness they bring and upon these thou we should decide what to do. Reason I think is very important when it comes to decisions. It is much more objective than the cognition, which is our second tool. To say that we should only use reason, however is to underestimate our intuitive moral sense. Usually when making a decision we have an inner voice that tells us what is good and what is bad. Totally discarding this intuitive feeling, as loaf proposes, is to deny that it is often right (looking at visible the consequences).Freuds personality theory illustrates our intuition very well. He said that our personality is made up by the ego, th e superego and the Id, the ego representing the reasoning and the two latter(prenominal) our intuition. The Id is the animal-like, innate, egoistic instincts seeking satisfaction by uttering sex and aggression energies. The superego is our moral values, which has been inflicted upon us by our surroundings. If the intuition was just a mixture of these two quite opposing forces I would as John Stuart Mill not trust it, but I think that most people are able to die these two forces from each other and tell, which will is coming from the Id and, which is coming from the superego. It could be seen as a fight back within between the devil and the angel, where we are the ones who have to decide who we should listen to.As long as we do not let the Id (our innate needs) get the upper hand, but instead listens to our superego, the intuition is a very useful tool when taking hard decisions. There are some problems though somewhat the superego. If our values are inflicted upon us by the cultu re in which we have grown up (a Christian would probably say that they are given to us from God) and thus differs from one culture to another (we can by looking at the world tell that this is the case) clashes might occur when opposite societies meet. Since contrary subjective meanings about what is right and what is wrong will be shared by one society. It is in such situations, when the intuition fails to settle argument, that we should use our more objective tool the reasoning.ConclusionFirst of all we should not create a strict ethical constitution telling us the exact answer to the question How do we know if at all that our behavior is ethical? We should not let the moral philosopher become an engineer. Instead it is the individual that should, in each unique situation, use all available tools and act the way he or she finds most appropriate in the particular situation i.e. how do we know, if at all, that our behavior is ethical is a question which will have different answer i n different situation and we must therefore ask ourselves this question as often as possible. This is not a perfect system, and it will always create conflicts among us. Still I think taking away all moral responsibility is to take away what makes us human. Truly believing that you are acting ethically is as ethical one can ever get, as a human being.ReferencesRichard.D.Gross (1996) Psychology The recognition of mind and behavior, third edition, Hodder & StoughtonBryan Magee (1998) Story of philosophy, Dorling Kindersley Limited, LondonMastering philosophy, second edition (2001), Anthony Harrison-Barbet

Final Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Final Project - Essay ExampleIt is clear that the risk factors associated with the Coca boob Company are either external, or internal. External factors related to Coca cola mostly cypher on the decisions made by other beverage companies, but internal factors arise from the poor strategies, as well as actions, that Coca Cola company implements. Some of these factors include market rates, government regulations, credit, liquidity and cash flows (Adams, 2005). Market rate is the leading fiscal risk with regards to Coca Cola. The market changes depending on guest interests, demand, supply and new technology, as well. When these factors reduce, it becomes intricate for Coca Cola Company to acquire loans or credit. This aptitude affect them financially. Government regulation is yet another vital financial risk for the Coca Cola Company. It is, however, an external risk. Governments frequently change existing tariffs, and this put new financial regulations in place. Some modification s are beneficial, but it might take a while before companies adapt to the changes. In addition, this creates a financial risk to Coca Cola (Adams, 2005). Techniques that Coca Cola has incorporated to overcome these factors include improving technology, wondrous techniques of attracting customers and increasing their supplies (Adams, 2005).The two-year pro-forma financial statement that this paper looked into suggests that the world is totally dollarized (Academic & Students Affairs, 2012). According to the statement, the world is bend into a free market economy with low inflation. The world is mainly anchored on the service industry, intemperately weighted on commerce and tourism (Academic & Students Affairs, 2012). According to the pro-forma statement, the world today is founded mainly on a well-developed service sector, which accounts for roughly 80% of the worlds businesses. According to the statement, the output of products, in an

Assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Assignment - look Paper Exampleish to preserve changes done to a FILE while Save as is a command used to preserve changes to a FILE and at the same time specify the mess in the COMPUTER system where the FILE should be stored.e) Folder and FILE a folder is a storage location given a specific name where FILEs can be stored while a FILE is an entity containing data and information of a specific program and is stored in a COMPUTER system.f) Windows XP and persona XP windows XP is an operating system produced by Microsoft windows to run on COMPUTERs while office XP is an application programs suite true by Microsoft to run various common user applications such as word processing and presentations.g) BIOS rush and Soft boot BIOS boot happens when the reckoner is started or restarted by pressing the restart/start handout on the hardware while soft boot is initiated using computer software (operating system).i) DVI and HDMIDVI can be used to connect a computer monitor to other graphica l output devices. It only carries word-painting/visual signals. HDMI can be used to carry both audio and video signals from a computer system to other output devices separate from the computer.9. Main retrospect is that part of a computer where book of instructions and data of programs being executed are loaded. The computers CPU fetches instructions and data from this memory and loads them in its internal registers for execution to take place. Temporary data and output from the executing processes is in any case stored in this